Prevalence of Benzanthine Penicillin Adverse Reaction in Patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease Taking Monthly Benzanthine Penicillin Injection:A Cross-sectional Survey
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Date
2021-10
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: Rheumatic Heart disease (RHD) is by far the most important form of acquired
heart disease in children and young adults and continues to be a health problem living in many
low and middle-income countries and especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Several strategies have
been implemented for rheumatic fever and RHD control. These include primary, primordial and
secondary prevention. Benzathine penicillin G (BPG) secondary antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP)
has been shown to reduce the risk of ARF recurrences and the development or worsening of
RHD with well-established effectiveness. Despite BPG favorable safety profile, a few severe
adverse events have been reported and these serious adverse reactions can have a devastating
effect on RHD control programs.
Objective: This study was aimed at assessing the magnitude of the problem of adverse drug
reaction due to benzantine penicillin and its contributing factor
Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study was done among pediatric and adult patients who
are diagnosed to have CRVHD(chronic rheumatic valvular heart disease) and on follow-up at
pediatric and cardiac clinic respectively and taking monthly benzathine penicillin who came for
follow-up from December 2020. to October 2021. The data were entered and analyzed by using
SPSS version 25. Data collection was conducted exclusively by the principal investigator
through telephone interview.Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the data, and
data were presented using Tables and Figures. Binary logistic regression analysis was done to
assess predicting factors associated with benzathine penicillin adverse reaction. A p-value <0.05
was considered as statistically significant.
Result: A total of 460 pediatric and adult patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were
enrolled. The prevalence of benzathine penicilline adverse reaction is 21%. The strength of
association of both dependent and independent variables was assessed using odds ratio and
95%CI. Accordingly, participants whose age is in the range of 15-18 years had 3.2 fold increased
risk to develop benzathine penicillin adverse reaction (AOR=3.2, 95%CI=1.07, 18.62) and age
range of 18-30 years had 9.2 fold times increased risk to develop adverse drug reaction when
compared to age range of 5-14 years.
Conclusion: In this study, Adverse drug reaction of benzanthine penicillin G is common.
Factors which are significantly associated with high rate of adverse reaction are age range of 1530,female
sex
and
self
and
family
history
of allergy.
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Keywords
Benzanthine penicillin,patients,Heart disease