Retrospective Study of Outcomes of Prosthetic Heart Valve Replacement in TASH and Cardiac Center of Ethiopia
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Date
2024-03
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background. In patients with severe symptomatic valvular heart disease, guideline-based surgical valve replacement or transcatheter implantation of a prosthetic heart valve isassociated with improved survival and relief of symptoms. Valve replacement is not acurative procedure but introduces a new disease process with prosthetic valve-related complications. Data regarding clinical outcomes of prosthetic valve replacement in Ethiopia is scarce.
Objective: To assess the outcomes of prosthetic heart valve surgery in TASH and Cardiac Center of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Method: A Retrospective cross-sectional study was done on all adult patients to whom prosthetic heart valve surgery was performed in Cardiac Center Ethiopia and TASH fromDecember 2017 to December 2022. Data on the outcome of prosthetic heart valve surgery,socio-demographic characteristics, patient clinical presentation, prosthetic heart valve-related features, and patients’ clinical characteristics were collected through a pretested questionnaire from patient medical records. Data were analyzed using statistical packagefor social science and descriptive statistics was used to calculate mean, median, range,frequency, and percentage
Result: Total of 167 adult patients with a mean age (+SD) of 33.45 +11.95 years wereincluded. And majority of the patient, 106 (63.5%) were females. Most of the patients hadCRVHD, 156 (93.4%) followed by DVHD, 6 (3.6%). The overall mortality rate was 33(19.8%), 27 (16.8%) died due to prosthesis valve-related complications, 5(3%) deathsoccurred within 30 days of surgery and 1(0.6 %) died during the surgery. More than onethird, 61(35. %) developed at least one prosthesis valve (PV) related complication, and (15.6%) developed in-hospital complications. 17(10.2%) were readmitted within 30 days ofdischarge.
Conclusion and recommendation: Postoperative mortality rate, prosthetic valve-relatedcom plication, and 30-day readmission rate were high among the study population. Good post-operative care, implementing infection prevention protocol and techniques, guidelines based follow up of patients with prosthetic valves and preventing prosthetic valve related complications could decrease death and the 30-day readmission rate.
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Keywords
Prosthetic Heart, Valve Replacement, Cardiac Center