Retrospective study of outcomes of prosthetic heart valve replacement in TASH and Cardiac center of Ethiopia
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Date
2024-03
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background. In patients with severe symptomatic valvular heart disease, guideline-based
surgical valve replacement or transcatheter implantation of a prosthetic heart valve is
associated with improved survival and relief of symptoms. Valve replacement is not a
curative procedure but introduces a new disease process with prosthetic valve-related
complications. Data regarding clinical outcomes of prosthetic valve replacement in Ethiopia
is scarce.
Objective: To assess the outcomes of prosthetic heart valve surgery in TASH and Cardiac
Center of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Method: A Retrospective cross-sectional study was done on all adult patients to whom
prosthetic heart valve surgery was performed in Cardiac Center Ethiopia and TASH from
December 2017 to December 2022. Data on the outcome of prosthetic heart valve surgery,
socio-demographic characteristics, patient clinical presentation, prosthetic heart valve-
related features, and patients’ clinical characteristics were collected through a pretested
questionnaire from patient medical records. Data were analyzed using statistical package
for social science and descriptive statistics was used to calculate mean, median, range,
frequency, and percentage
Result: Total of 167 adult patients with a mean age (+SD) of 33.45 +11.95 years were
included. And majority of the patient, 106 (63.5%) were females. Most of the patients had
CRVHD, 156 (93.4%) followed by DVHD, 6 (3.6%). The overall mortality rate was 33
(19.8%), 27 (16.8%) died due to prosthesis valve-related complications, 5(3%) deaths
occurred within 30 days of surgery and 1(0.6 %) died during the surgery. More than one
third, 61(35. %) developed at least one prosthesis valve (PV) related complication, and
(15.6%) developed in-hospital complications. 17(10.2%) were readmitted within 30 days of
discharge.
Conclusion and recommendation: Postoperative mortality rate, prosthetic valve-related
complication, and 30-day readmission rate were high among the study population. Good
post-operative care, implementing infection prevention protocol and techniques, guidelines
based follow up of patients with prosthetic valves and preventing prosthetic valve related
complications could decrease death and the 30-day readmission rate.
Description
Keywords
Prosthetic Heart, Valve Replacement, Cardiac Center