Appraisal of Biosecurity and Occurrence of Salmonella in Selected Small and Medium Scale Chicken Farms At Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2021
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Biosecurity is believed to have the ability to improve production and ensuring the safety of chicken products through minimizing pathogenic infections such as salmonellosis in poultry. The aim of this study was to assess biosecurity measures and investigate the occurrence of Salmonella in small and medium scale poultry farms at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data and poultry house related samples. A total of 56 farms were addressed through the questionnaire survey by using KoBoCollec data collection tool and again a total of 391 biological samples (223 fecal droppings, 56 drinking water, 56 feed, and 56, floor swabs) were collected and analyzed for Salmonella Spp. following standard laboratory techniques. The questionnaire responses data were analyzed through descriptive data analysis and then biosecurity scoring system was developed to result ten basic biosecurity components. Multiple response analysis (MRA) was conducted to determine adoption level of each biosecurity components above mean score (“good”) across total assessed farms. The results showed that biosecurity in feed and water management and also in infrastructure of the farms were implemented in 87.5% and 76.8% respectively, while farm entry restrictions and farm relative location were slacked (16.1% and 3.6%, respectively). The adoption level of disease management practices were 64.3% and 48.3% of farms implemented cleaning and disinfection practices above mean score. Salmonella was identified in 15 (26.8%) of the farms and 22 (5.6%) of the samples. Occurrence of Salmonella was higher in small scale poultry farms (21.4%), deep litter farms (21.4%), farms containing layers (25%) and all from Bovans brown breeds. Farms with score of “Bad” were found to exhibit high number Salmonella comparing to farms implement biosecurity components as good. This signposted the benefits of applying biosecurity measures in poultry production to eliminate consequences of production loss and zoonosis due to bacterial infections such as salmonellosis.
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Keywords
Biosecurity Score, Zoonotic disease, Salmonella, Chicken farm