Clinical Pattern and management outcomes among Road Traffic Accident Victims attending Emergency Department of Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma,Southwest Ethiopia
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Date
2021-05
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: Road Traffic Accident is an incident on a way or street open to public traffic that
becomes one of the most significant public health problems in the world especially in developing
countries. In Ethiopia, RTA is the major public health problem even though studies indicate
clinical pattern and management outcomes among these victims are limited. The aim of this
study is to assess clinical pattern and management outcomes among road traffic accident victims
who attended emergency department of Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma Ethiopia,
2021.
Methods: Hospital based retrospective cross sectional study design was implemented based on
patients' record review for one year. Records of patients were revieweduntil the calculated
minimum sample size (357) attained. Systematic random sampling technique was applied to
recruit the records. Pretested checklist was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics were used
to show the distribution of variables under the study.Independent factors associated with
management outcomes were assessed using binarylogistic regression using SPSS version 26 at
p<0.05.
Results:Among 357 cases reviewed, the median age was 27 ± 13.71 years and male victims
accounted for 75.6%. The largest proportion was pedestrians (49.6%) injured by motorcycle
(42.9%)and sustained fracture (60.5%). More than half of victims (58%) never got any type of
prehospital care. On triage paper, majority were classified as Red needing urgent/immediate
intervention (38.7%)of which 71.4% of themwere managed surgically. Regarding management
outcomes, 84.9% were discharged with improvement, referred (1.7%) and died (12.6%). Using
multivariate logistic regression analysis,anatomical sites (head injury)(AOR=16.61: 95% CI;
3.85,71.71),mechanism of injury (AOR= 0.23; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.68), time elapsed to reach nearby
health facility (AOR= 3.30; 95 CI (1.13, 9.60), time of the day (AOR= 2.79; 95% CI; 1.06, 7.34),
condition of patient at ED (AOR= 7.78; 95% CI: 2.33, 26.06), GCS at admission(AOR= 20.12;
95% CI: 7.23,55.96)and days spent in hospital (AOR= 6.85; 95% CI 5.81, 8.06)were
independent predictors of unfavorable outcome.
Conclusion:This study finding can help reducethe mortality and disability from RTA by
appropriately identifying the priority patient and giving appropriate intervention promptly.In
general, anatomical sites, mechanism of injury, GCS on admission, disposition outcome, time to
health facility, condition of the patient, and days spent in hospital were independent predictors
for unfavorable outcome.
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Keywords
Road Traffic Accident, Clinical pattern, Management Outcomes, Jimma University Medical Center