Brucellosis in Cattle, Camel and Human: Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Amibara District of Afar Region, Ethiopia
| dc.contributor.advisor | Dr. Kebede Amenu, Dr. Gezahegn Mamo | |
| dc.contributor.author | Fekadu, Gutema | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2020-11-12T07:00:01Z | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-11-08T11:38:13Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2020-11-12T07:00:01Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-11-08T11:38:13Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2020-06 | |
| dc.description.abstract | A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in camels, cattle and human and its associated risk factors in Amibara district of Afar region from October 2019 to May 2020. A total of 250 camels ,181 cattle and 120 human sera were collected. Sera were screened using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and samples positive for RBPT were further confirmed by Complement Fixation Test (CFT). Risk factors associated with brucellosis in livestock and human were also assessed by structured questionnaire. Association of risk factors with brucellosis were analyzed using chi-square (fisher exact test) and firth’s bias reduced logistic regression model. The result indicated that, the overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was 7.6% (95% CI:0.04-0.11) by RBPT and 3.2 % (95% CI: 0.0163-0.062) confirmed by CFT in camel and 10.5% (95% CI:0.068-0.158) by RBPT and 2.2% (95% CI:0.0086-0.0553) confirmed by CFT in cattle respectively. In human the overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was 10% (95% CI:0.058-0.167) by RBPT and 3.33% (0.013-0.082) as confirmed by CFT. The risk factors analysis indicated that, age (χ2=10.7; p=0.004), body condition (χ2=10.26, p=0.0022), number of parity (χ2=11.2, p=0.0008) and abortion history (χ2=29.96; p=0.004) were significantly associated with seropositivity of camel brucellosis. But, kebeles, sex, herd size and history of placental retention were not significantly associated with brucellosis seropositivity (P>0.05). Based on multivariable firth’s bias reduced logistic regression analysis, only camels with history of abortion (OR=49.6, P=0.002, 95% CI=2.148-6.34) were significantly associated with brucellosis. In cattle, age (χ2=6.77, p=0.021), number of parity (χ2=9.433, p=0.004), abortion history (χ2=16, p=0.002) and placental retention (χ2=19.1, p=0.003) were significantly associated with brucellosis seropositivity. Multivariable firth’s bias reduced logistic regression analysis indicated that, only number of parity (OR=12.2, P=0.0012, 95% CI=-7.47-3.17) and history of abortion (OR=41.14, P=0.003, 95% CI=1.16-8.69) were significantly associated with Brucella infection. In human, occupation (χ2=6.925, P=0.028), handling of dystocia case, usage of protective gloves and sheltering of animals showed significant association with Brucella seropositivity. Likewise, multivariable firth’s bias reduced logistic regression was computed and only daily based temporary occupation type showed significant association with brucellosis seropositivity (OR=18.85, P=0.029*, 95%CI=1.324-2730.32). The survey results also showed that, from a total of 120 human participant interviewed, 91.7% (110/120) of them drink fresh raw milk on a regularly basis where by 2.78% of them owned sero-positive animals and 3.33% of them tested positive for the disease. The results of the present study indicated that, brucellosis is a common health problem in camel, cattle and human in Amibara district of Afar region and it was found to be associated with raw milk consumption and close contact with the animals having history abortion. Therefore, controlling the risk factors, establishing brucella diagnostic service in human clinics and hospitals, continuous social training with feedback assessments and overall implementing of One Health approach framework to attain optimal health for people and domestic animals in area are recommended to safeguard the health of society. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/23206 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.subject | Amibara | en_US |
| dc.subject | Abortion | en_US |
| dc.subject | Brucellosis | en_US |
| dc.subject | Camel, Cattle, Human, Seroprevalence | en_US |
| dc.title | Brucellosis in Cattle, Camel and Human: Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Amibara District of Afar Region, Ethiopia | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |