Determinants of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Among Adult Diabetic Patients Attending the Diabetic Clinic in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019
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Date
2019-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Diabetic foot ulcer is among the commonest complications of diabetic mellitus attributing to a significant number of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients, and enormous economic loss to the families and the country. Nowadays, the incidence of diabetic foot ulcer is increasing due to the increased prevalence of diabetes, prolonged life expectancy of diabetic patients and lifestyle change. However, the risk factor of the problem is less studied in Ethiopia.
Objective: To assess determinants of diabetic foot ulcer among diabetic patients attending diabetic clinic in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: An institution based unmatched case-control study was conducted on 161 diabetic patients. Cases were selected from diabetic patients with foot ulcer by consecutive sampling technique and controls from diabetic patients without diabetic foot ulcer by systematic random sampling technique. Binary logistic regression model was used to assess the association between the dependent and independent variables. All variables with P-value < 0.25 were included in the multivariable analysis. The magnitude of the association was measured by using an Odds Ratio with its 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance was declared at P- value < 0.05.
Results: In this study, among the 53 diabetic patients with foot ulcer and 108 diabetic patients without foot ulcer, 28 (33.7%) in cases and 55 (66.3%) in controls were males. Taking insulin alone [AOR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.04-7.23], having peripheral neuropathy [AOR: 7.56, 95% CI: 2.82-20.24], not inspecting feet daily [AOR: 5.61, 95% CI: 2.24-14.05], and using moisturizing cream between toes [AOR: 3.35, 95% CI: 1.35-8.32], were positively associated with diabetic foot ulcer. Whereas, employed [AOR: 0.35, 95%CI: 0.14-0.87], and combined treatment (insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents) [AOR: 0.11, 95%CI: 0.02-0.57] were negatively associated with diabetic foot ulcer.
Conclusion and Recommendations: Diabetic foot ulcer was significantly associated with occupation, kind of treatment of diabetes mellitus taking, peripheral neuropathy, inspecting feet daily and putting moisturizing cream between toes. It will be helpful if diabetic patients inspect their feet on daily bases and do not put moisturizing cream between their toes.
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Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Determinants, Addis Ababa