Prevalence of Occupational Exposure to HIV and Utilization of HIV Post Exposure Prophylaxis Among Nurses at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Addis Abeba, Ethiopia, 2019.
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Date
2019-01
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Back Ground of the Study: - Occupational acquisition of HIV and low utilization of post exposure prophylaxis among nurses is becoming a global public health concern. Within health sector HIV post exposure prophylaxis should be provided as part of comprehensive universal precaution package that reduces exposure to infectious hazard occurred at work place.
Objective: - To assess the prevalence of occupational exposure to HIV and utilization of HIV post exposure prophylaxis among Nurses at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2019
Methods and materials: Institutional based cross-sectional study design was employed from March 01 –April 01/2019. The data was collected using pre tested self administered questionnaire. From 751 nurses currently working at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, 218 were selected using stratified random sampling technique. Epidata version 4.4.3.1 and SPSS version 20 were used in this study for data entry and analysis. Descriptive statistics and Logistic regression was used to analyze the data and Odds Ratio was used to check association, P< 0.05 was considered significant and 95 % confidence interval was used.
Result: The Findings of this study indicated that 128 (61.5%) respondents had Occupational exposure to HIV. About 40.6%, 39.1% participants experienced blood splash and needle stick injury. Giving injection 36 (28.1) and uncooperativeness of the patients 26 (20.3%) were among the common activities that put nurses on exposure to HIV. Study participants that had no training on infection prevention were 3 times more exposed than that had training on infection prevention (P=0.038, AOR= 3.29795% CI= 1.066-10.199) and participants working at night shift were 6 time more exposed (P=0.008, AOR= 6.395, 95% CI=1.606-25.471). Of all exposed, 32(25%) started HIV-PEP. From those started HIV-PEP 8 (25%) did not complete PEP medication and the main reason for discontinuation of the PEP was fear of drug adverse effect. The mean time to initiate the first PEP drug after exposure was 8.88+ 7.97 SD.
Conclusion: Occupational exposure to HIV among nurses is high and utilization of HIV post exposure prophylaxis is low. Therefore, providing training for all nurses on infection prevention, including PEP is recommended to lower the occupational exposure and to enhance the use of PEP.
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Keywords
Occupational exposures, Post exposure prophylaxis, Nurses and Addis Ababa