Assessment of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Postoperative Arrhythmia and its outcome Among Patients Who Underwent Open Heart Surgery at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Cardiac Center-Ethiopia,2025
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Date
2025-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Arrhythmia is a prevalent and significant complication following open heart surgery, affecting a significant number of patients and leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. There is limited data on the prevalence of postoperative arrhythmia following cardiac surgery in Ethiopia. This is because advanced cardiac surgery had been introduced in recent years. This study will benefit the cardiac team in identifying the prevalence, patterns and factors associated with postoperative arrhythmia after open heart surgery.
Objectives: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of postoperative arrhythmia and it’s outcome in patients who underwent open heart Surgery at TASH and Cardiac Center-Ethiopia, Ethiopia.
Methods: A Multi facility-based, cross-sectional study was conducted at TASH and Cardiac Center- Ethiopia, Addis Ababa. Data was collected using a structured checklist, and then it was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Descriptive analysis along with chi square test and Student t test analyses was employed to identify factors associated with development of arrhythmia. A p-value <0.05 will be considered significant. Tables and figures were used to present the results.
Results: This study included data from 215 patients who underwent open heart surgery with age range from 1 to73 years. Out of 215 participants, 52 individuals (24.2%) were from TASH. The remaining 163 individuals (75.8%) were from CCE. Among the study participants, more than half (128; 59.5%) were females and the remaining 87 (40.5%) were males. Overall, 29 patients (13.5%) developed arrhythmia during the postoperative period following open heart surgery, and the most frequently observed postoperative arrhythmia was supraventricular tachycardia (24%). Statistically significant difference between the arrhythmic and non-arrhythmic group were noted in relation to cardiopulmonary bypass time (153Vs 108.7 mins) and aortic clamping time (98.4 Vs 66.07 mins), with p value <0.05. Moreover, this study identified a significant association between postoperative hypokalemia and the occurrence of cardiac rhythm disturbances yielding a p-value of 0.008.
Conclusion: Cardiac arrhythmias in the early postoperative phase are prevalent in patients who underwent open heart surgery, although a substantial proportion of the conduction abnormalities exhibit favorable recovery. The most commonly detected postoperative arrhythmia was supraventricular tachycardia, succeeded by Atrial fibrillation and Junctional ectopic tachycardia. ICU stay was longer in arrhythmic groups when compared to non-arrhythmic group. Prolonged ischemia duration, extended cardiopulmonary bypass duration, and postoperative hypokalemia were factors that elevated the incidence of arrhythmias in the postoperative phase following open heart surgery
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Postoperative arrhythmia ✓ Patient outcome, Open heart Surgery