Intermittent Water Supply and Aging Infrastructure as Determinants of Water Quality: Evidence from Lideta Subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2025-05-01
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
This study assesing the compounded effects of intermittent water supply (IWS) and aging infrastructure on water quality in Wereda 04 and 05 of Lideta Sub-City, Addis Ababa. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates hydraulic modeling—applying the HazenWilliams equation, chlorine decay analysis, and water age estimation—with field inspections, household surveys, and stakeholder interviews. Framed by systems theory, infrastructure lifecycle theory, and public health models, the study identifies critical zones with low flow velocities (below 0.3 m/s) and extended water residence times (exceeding 8–10 hours), which contribute to reduced disinfectant levels and microbial contamination. Field observations revealed severe pipe corrosion and leakage, while community feedback highlighted discolored water, unpleasant odor, and reliance on unsafe coping strategies such as prolonged storage and alternative water sources. The findings confirm that IWS and aging infrastructure interact to degrade water quality and public trust. In response, the study recommends: Prioritize Replacement of Aged and Corroded Pipelines, Reconfigure Network Layout to Reduce Dead-End Segments, Upgrade Storage and Elevation Infrastructure, Establish Routine Maintenance and Inspection and Integrate Hydraulic Modeling into Planning .
Key Words: Intermittent Water Supply (IWS), Urban Water Quality, Ageing Water Infrastructure, Hydraulic Modeling, Chlorine Decay