Assessment of Self Care Practices and Associated Factors Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2014-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a general term for a group of metabolic disorder that affects the body’s
ability to process and use sugar (glucose) for energy. The three most important forms of diabetes
are type I, type II and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes results from cell destruction usually
leading to absolute insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes results from a progressive insulin
secretary defect on the background of insulin resistance. Diabetes is a serious public health
problem that threatens the quality of life, the success of long term maintenance therapy for
diabetes depends largely on patients’ adherence with self care practice.
Objectives: To assess diabetes self care practices and associated factors among diabetic patients
in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa.
Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study design was utilized, 328 study subjects were
selected using systematic random sampling technique and the data was collected using
interviewer administered structured questionnaires, data was entered in to EPI INFO version
3.5.4 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Frequencies and cross tab was computed. Bivariate
and multivariate logistic regression was computed to assess statistical association between the
outcome variable using Odds Ratio, significant of statistical association was assured or tested
using 95% and p value (<0.05). Scoring method was employed to classify patients’ self care
practice level as adhered or not adhered.
Results: The response rate was 98.8% of all respondents 174(53.7%) and 150(46.3%) were
female and male respectively. The majority of study subjects 221(68.2%) were in the age group
of 30 to 60 years. Most of respondents were orthodox Christian 259(79.9%) by religion and
Amhara 170(52.5%) by ethnicity. About 243(75%), 238(73.5%), 187(57.7%), 72(22.2%) wer
attended formal education, married, unemployed and had very low monthly income respectively.
Majority 207(63.9%) respondents were not adhered to SMBG practice.
A total of 204(63%) respondents were adhered to anti-diabetic medications. The majority
191(58.9%) were not adhered to recommended diet management practices, one hundred fifty nine
(49.1%) were reported adhered to physical activity that meet the recommended guidelines. Of all
study participants about 172(53.1%) respondents were adhered to the recommended diabetic foot
care practices. Over all self care practices (SDSCA) were reported as adhered in 167(51.5%)
participants. There was a significant association between level of education, monthly income,
presence of glucometry at home, marital status, age and gender and self care practices. But there
was no significant association between duration of diabetes, occupation and family history of
diabetic and self care practices.
Conclusion: Despite the important role of self care practices in management of diabetes were
recognized to be useful and effective in achieving diabetes control and preventing its serious
complications, finding of this study were indicated that most patients had no adherence to self
care practice especially in SMBG and diet management. Generally, adherence to self care
practice was suboptimal among type II diabetic patients in TASH Endocrinology unit.
Recommendation: Health care personnel must increase patient’s awareness on the importance of
all domains of self care practices and strongly promote the practice through effective IEC
program.
Keywords: adherence, self care, self care practice, diabetic complications, associated factor
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Keywords
Adherence, Self care, Self care practice, Diabetic complications, Associated factors