Assessment of Clinical Presentations, and outcome of Patients Admitted to Pediatrics Intensive Care Unit, Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College: A Two-Year Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
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Date
2025-04-13
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Introduction: A pediatric intensive care unit is a separate physical facility or unit specifically designated for the treatment of pediatric patients, because of shock, trauma, or other life threatening conditions, require intensified, comprehensive observation and care. Knowledge of the characteristics and outcomes of critically ill children admitted to PICU in low income countries may help with the identification of priorities and the resources required for improvement of the care of critically ill patients.
Objective: - To assess the clinical presentations, and outcome of children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit of Saint Paul’s Millennium Medical College.
Methods: - Data were collected through chart abstraction of pediatric patients who were admitted to the PICU during the period from January 2017 to December 2018. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 for windows. Data were summarized by using frequency tables, figures and odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval was determined when it is appropriate. A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used.
Results: From 400 admitted patients, 260 patients were analyzed. Average age at admission was 48.13 ± 53.65 months, with M: F ratio of 1.4:1. Overall (from infectious and non-infectious) the most commonly affected systems were central nervous system (79/260 pts, 33.2%) and respiratory system (55/260 pts. 23.1%). The mean duration of stay was 7.26 ±6.87, the median being 6.0 days. Binary logistic regression shows, need for mechanical ventilation (p = 0.04), and post cardiopulmonary resuscitation admission (p=0.001) were independent predictors of mortality. The major causes of death being septic shock in a total of 24 (43.6%), followed by respiratory failure in 14 (25.5%) secondary to severe chest infection, GBS and various central causes. Cardiogenic shock accounted for 7 (12.7%). The overall mortality rate was (21.1%). Conclusion: The mortality rate of our PICU was 21.1 %, with the most common cause of admission, and death being infectious causes mostly affecting CNS and respiratory, and septic shock respectively. The mean duration of stay of 7.26 ±6.87 days. The statistically significant predictor of mortality in this study was need for mechanical ventilation and post cardiopulmonary resuscitation admission.
Key Words: SPHMMC, Pattern, Intensive care unit, outcome