Assessment of Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Factors Among Antenatal Care Attending Pregnant Women in Selected Health Centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024.
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Date
2025
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a global health concern, linked to various pregnancy complications and long-term health risks. It is a typical issue during pregnancy, which can have detrimental effects on the developing fetus, the newborn, and the child. Despite its importance, there is a scarcity of data regarding Vitamin D levels and the factors influencing these levels among pregnant women in Ethiopia.
Objective: This study aimed to assess Vitamin D deficiency and associated factors among antenatal care attending pregnant women in selected health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024.
Methodology: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to June 7 2024 among a randomly selected 402 first-trimester pregnant women attending antenatal care services. Sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical data were collected through semi-structured questioners. Five (5) ml of blood sample was collected for Laboratory analysis, and Vitamin-D measurement was done by using Cobas Integra e411 chemistry analyzer. The collected data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 26 software, and logistic regression model was used to identify the associated factor and P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Result: In the current study prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<20ng/ml) among the first trimester pregnant women were 43.3%, and from this 4.5% were severely deficient (<10ng/ml). The odds of having vitamin D deficiency was higher among participants with BMI of ≥30 (AOR = 6.9, 95% CI: 2.9-16.3, p<0.001) and BMI of 25-30 (AOR=6.75, 95%CI: 3.4 13.3, p<0.001). Who never ate Fish (AOR = 8.5, 95% CI: 4.5–16.2, p < 0.001) and Egg (AOR = 15.6, 95% CI: 5.1–27.9, p <0.001) and also being Multiparous (AOR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.6 6.5, p<0.001). However, Pregnant women who regularly consumed liver were 69% less likely to develop Vitamin D deficiency (AOR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.16–0.59, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The current study found VDD is highly prevalent in the study population. Different factors such as overweight, obesity, and being multiparous increases the risk of vitamin D deficiency and regular consumption of fish, egg and liver and also exposing >30% the total body surface area to sunlight were greatly associated with lower risk of developing Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women.
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Keywords
Vitamin D deficiency, Pregnant women, First trimester, Health Center Addis Ababa, Ethiopia