Self-Efficacy, Diabetes Distress, and Associated Factors Among Diabetic Patients in Selected Tertiary Hospitals in Eastern Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
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Date
2025-06-01
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Diabetes distress (DD) is a feeling developed due to living with diabetes mellitus (DM), impact of persistent self-care activities, and complications of the disease, which can lower self-efficacy and negatively impacting diabetic patients’ health. This study assessed self-efficacy, DD and associated factors in diabetic patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on a total of 371 diabetic patients at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, and Adama Hospital Medical College between February 10 and March 07/2025. A systematic sampling technique was used to select the study participants. EpiData 4.2.00 was used for data entry and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 26.0 was used to perform statistical analysis. Factors associated with self-efficacy and DD were determined by bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.
Result: This study included 371 diabetic patients with a mean age of 43.81 years (SD = 13.76). Among them, 211(56.9%) were females, and 243(65.5%) were urban residents. The level of good self-efficacy was 56.9% [n = 211, 95% CI: 51.06, 61.12]. The prevalence of DD was 72.8% [n = 270, 95% CI: 67.42, 76.51]. Urban residents (AOR = 3.35, 95% CI: 1.42, 7.92), married (AOR = 4.79, 95% CI: 1.82, 12.63), divorced (AOR = 4.70, 95% CI: 1.23, 18.03), healthy weight (AOR = 3.84, 95% CI: 1.73, 8.56), good self-care behavior (AOR = 9.24, 95% CI: 4.62, 18.48) and no DD (AOR = 6.81, 95% CI: 3.07, 15.11) were significantly associated with good self-efficacy. Rural residents (AOR = 4.88, 95% CI: 1.93, 12.29), diabetic complications (AOR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.35, 7.28) and poor glycemic control (AOR = 7.02, 95% CI: 3.73, 13.22) were significantly associated with DD.
Conclusion and recommendation: Nearly half of the participants had good self-efficacy, while almost three-quarters of them had DD. Urban residents, married, divorced, healthy weight, good self-care behavior and no DD were significantly associated with good self-efficacy. Rural residents, diabetic complications and poor glycemic control were significantly associated with DD. Education on diabetes, its complications, and management needs to be provided to reduce DD and promote individual self-efficacy.
Keywords: Self-efficacy, diabetes distress, diabetes mellitus, associated factors, Ethiopia.
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Self-efficacy diabetes distress diabetes mellitus associated factors Ethiopia