The incidence and associated risk factors of endotracheal and tracheostomy tube blockage in intensive care unit at Tikur Anbesa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa,Ethiopia
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Date
2018-10
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Endotracheal (ETT) and tracheostomy tube (TT) blockage is a common airway
accident in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Although tube blockage is rarely fatal, it has a major
impact on the quality of ICU care and the family of the patient12. The present study is aimed to
assess the incidence of ETT/TT tube blockage and associated risk factors including the tube size,
shift of tube blockage, type of tube blockage, duration of intubation and frequency of suctioning.
The causes of tube blockage and outcome of tube blockage.
Objective: To assess the incidence and associated risk factors of endotracheal tube and
tracheostomy tube blockage in pediatric, adult surgical and medical intensive care units in Addis
Ababa University School of health science Tikur Anbesa specialized hospital.
Materials and Methods: After the department of Anesthesiology research committee approval,
Institutional based prospective cross sectional study was conducted from March to August, 2018
to assess the incidence and associated risk factors of endotracheal and tracheostomy tube
blockage in pediatric, adult medical and surgical ICUs. Data was collected using formatted
questionnaire in ICU patients admitted to pediatric, adult medical and surgical ICU during the
study period. All admitted patients in ICU who were intubated with ETT or TT had been
included in this study whose consent was taken from the family. The collected data was entered,
coded using Epi – info software and analyzed through SPSS software 23 version. Result: A total
of 276 patients were admitted in ICU, surgical 129, medical 81 and pediatric 66 ICU from this
patient 122 were intubated, from those tube blocked, medical 5 (25%), surgical 9 (45%) and
pediatric ICU 6 (30%) respectively. The Incidence of ETT/TT blocked was 20(16.4%). From
those ETT was16 (80%) and TT blocked was 4(20%) (P=0.042), most cause of tube blocked was
mucus 11(55%) then debris 4(20%), and 1(5%) kinked from pediatric ICU. Greater than 7 TDS’
7(35%) were blocked, so tube blockage higher in number. The degree of ETT/TT blocked was
similar between in partial and complete blocked which was 10(50%) vs 10(50%) consecutively
(P=0.025), so it is statistical significant. During the night shift tube blockage was 11(55%)
slightly high in number, but during day shift, it was 9(45%). Conclusion: The overall incidence
of tube blocked was 20(16.4%), so it was higher compare to other studies might been higher
setup.
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Keywords
Endotracheal tube blockage, tracheostomy tube blockage, ETT or TT suctioning.