Prevalence of Neurocognitive Impairment and Associated Factors among Type-2 Diabetic Patients on Follow Up at Diabetic Clinic, Tikur anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2021-12
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background:-Neurocognitive disorders in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has spectrum
manifestation which might range from subtle executive dysfunction to memory loss and overt
dementia. Diabetes patients are at higher risk of all types of cognitive impairment, mainly
because some diabetes complications results in cognitive impairments and they are also being
considered as disease of the same spectrum. Even though it is estimated that more than 50
million peoples live with dementia worldwide, there is no enough data from low and middle
income countries, including Ethiopia, where the number is projected to increase to 152 million
by 2050. Hence this study will focus on assessing the overall prevalence, potential determinant
and contributing factors among patients with type 2 DM over a period of two months at Black
Lion Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.
Objective: - To assess the neurocognitive impairment and associated factors among diabetic
patients on follow up at diabetic clinic, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia from July 1- August 30, 2021
Methods
A hospital based Cross-sectional study was conducted on total of 338 type 2 diabetic patients on
follow-up at BLH. The sociodemographic, anthropometric and clinical data was collected by
trained final year medical students. Both face to face interview and medical record reviews were
used for data collection. A validated Mini Mental Status Examination tool was used to assess
cognitive impairment. Data was entered to epi-data cleared and analyzed by SPSS version 26.0.
Finally, Descriptive analysis was carried out and presence of statistical association between
neuro-cognitive impairment and associated factors was assessed using logistic regression and
associations with p-value of < 0.05 will be considered to be statistically significant.
Results
The overall prevalence of neurocognitive impairment among type 2 diabetic patients on follow
up at black lion specialized hospital was 38.75%. From Socio-demographic factors low
educational level [AOR=3.65(1.855-7.188)] was associated with increased odds of encountering
cognitive impairments. While some clinical characteristics like being on oral hypoglycemic
agents [AOR=0.786 (0.370-1.669)] or oral hypoglycemic agents combined with insulin
[AOR=1.87(1.054-4.264) were associated with decreased likelihood of cognitive impairments.
Total duration of DM [(AOR=1.95(0.987-3.877)] and overall glycemic control [AOR=
2.21(1.238-3.947)] had significant association with NCI. additionally coexisting hypertension
[AOR= 0.53(0.314-0.918)] and presence of diabetic eye disease [AOR=1.84(1.056-3.229)] were
also associated with increased odds of encountering impairment.
Conclusion: - The finding indicated high prevalence of neurocognitive impairment among
respondents who had low level of education, prolonged duration of DM, poorly controlled DM,
diabetic eye disease and coexisting hypertension.
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Keywords
T2DM, Neurocognitive impairments, cross-sectional study, MMSE