Extraction, Optimization and Characterization of Ethiopian Marula (Sclerocarya Birrea) and Zigba (Podocarpus Falcatus) Oils
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Date
2014
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
To investigate the potential use of marula (Sclerocarya birrea) and Podocarpus falcatus oil
and to recommend the optimum extraction conditions, dried podo and marula seeds
were crushed to release the kernels and oil was extracted using n-hexane as a solvent
for 2, 3 and 4 hours with moisture content of 9%, 12% and 15%. Main characteristics of
optimized oil extract were determined. The average oil content was found to be
61.36% and 58.63 % respectively for S. birrea and P. falcatus with optimum extraction
conditions of 12% moisture content and 3 hours of extraction. The saponification value
of the oils were 190 mg KOH/g and 189.1 mg KOH/g oil, specific gravity at 150C was
0.899 and 0.90, peroxide value 4.2 and 4.4 mEq/kg, refractive index 1.467 and 1.47
whilst the average acid value was 3.6% and 4.0% respectively for S. birrea and P.
falcatus oils. The fatty acid profile of S. birrea and P. falcatus oils were determined using
GC-M S. Oleic acid was found to be the predominant fatty acid, 73.60% and 78.94%
respectively for S. birrea and P. falcatus oils. Analysis of the main characteristics
indicated that both S. birrea and P. falcatus oils have potential use in salad, cooking oils
and cosmetics application. Marula juice was extracted and characterized. The result
showed 25% of marula fruit can be extracted to juice. The juice is rich in vitamin C,
141.29 mg/100g and potassium 257.2mg/100g.
Key words: Sclerocarya birrea, Podocarpus falcatus, Fatty acids profile, Optimum,
moisture content, extraction time, effect
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Keywords
Sclerocarya Birrea, Podocarpus Falcatus, Fatty Acids Profile, Optimum, Moisture Content, Extraction Time, Effect