EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF BRUCELLOSIS IN RUMINANTS AND HUMANS IN YABELLO DISTRICT OF BORENA PASTORAL AREA, OROMIA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
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2012-06
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Abstract
A cross sectional epidemiological study design was employed to investigate a seroprevalence and risk factors associated with the occurrence of brucellosis in ruminants (cattle, sheep and goat), and humans from October 2011 to March 2012, in Yabello district and hospital of Borena pastoral area, respectively. Accordingly, a total of 1360 ruminant’s sera (634 from cattle, 221from sheep and 505 from goats) and 138 humans were included in the study. Modified RBPT and I-ELISA was used as the screening and confirmatory test, respectively. The result of the present study indicates an overall animal Brucella antibody prevalence rate of, 10.3% (n=140) and 8.2% (n=112) by using RBPT and I- ELISA, respectively. Seroprevalence of 9.1% and 6.6% was recorded for cattle using mRBPT and I-ELISA, respectively. Similarly, a prevalence of 13.7% and 11.7% for goats and 5.9% and 4.9% for sheep was recorded by using mRBPT and I-ELISA respectively. An overall human Brucella antibody prevalence of 11.6% (n=16) and 3.6 %( n=5) was recorded using mRBPT and I-ELISA, respectively in Yabello Hospital. A multivariable logistic regression analysis of the risk factors identified age, parity status, and abortion history and species difference to be the major risk factors for overall animal brucellosis seropositivity (P≤ 0.05). However the seropositivity recorded for human in Yabello hospital was not statistically significant (P≥ 0.05). The result also indicates that goats are at higher risk of getting Brucella infection than sheep, with twice more likely to harbor Brucella infection than sheep. Increase in herd size was also found to be a major risk for small ruminant seropositivity. Thus the present study suggests that brucellosis is highly prevalent in the study districts among different species of animals and human patients admitted to Yabello hospital. The seropositivity in both animals and human could give an insight that brucellosis could pose a public health hazards. This warrants further extensive epidemiological and molecular investigation to identify the specific Brucella species in both animals and humans in the area.
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Brucella, Cattle, GoatHuman, Sheep, Yabello