The Viability of African Solutions to African Problems in Peace And Security: Libya and Somalia as Case Studies
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Date
2016-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Africa’s history is of a struggle for self-determination; this quest for self determination has gone
through different phases and has also taken different forms. In the aftermath of the end of the
Cold War and the onset of a multi-polar world order in the 21st century, this struggle is best
expressed in Africa’s quest for Pax-Africana, a peace ‘that is protected and maintained by Africa
herself’. African Solutions to African Problems (AfSol) is a notion that bestows Africa the
leading role in defining its problems and providing solutions as well. This research upholds the
notion of AfSol as an extension of the ideas of Pan Africanism and African Nationalism; and
hence with strong historical roots. The research investigated the viability of African Solutions to
African Problems in the security realm with AU as an institutional mechanism by taking the
2011 Libyan crisis and the peacekeeping mission deployed in Somalia (AMISOM) since 2007 as
case studies. The study explores the practical difficulties the Union has had in providing an
African centered solution to the Libyan crisis at the initial levels of the conflict and with the
Somalia case study the study examines the kind of difficulties the Union has faced with AMISOM
by investigating how much of the mission’s agenda are home grown as it is funded by foreign
donors. The study followed a qualitative approach. The data used in the research is a
combination of data gathered through primary and secondary sources.
The AU is hampered by its own institutional and financial weaknesses in upholding AfSol in the
peace and security realm and the study has pointed out unwarranted external intervention in the
internal affairs of African states as a difficulty that is external to the Union’s genuine efforts in
proving African centered solutions in conflict resolution. The Libyan crisis of 2011 is one where
the Union has come up with a roadmap that has foreseen the challenges that any solution but
political would be a failure as its genuine efforts were sidelined because of big power interest in
Libya. This showed a case where the Union was not even allowed to take ownership of a crisis in
providing African centered solutions in the continent. On the other hand AMISOM, hailed as a
success story by some, is a case in point where even when some kind of African ownership is
exercised yet African Solutions fall short as the mission is funded by external powers and they
have a direct say on the kind of agenda being carried out by the mission. In conclusion the study
hails the notion of African Solutions to African Problems as one with a great potential for
providing a sustainable and lasting solutions to the peace and security challenges that hamper
the development of the continent. The notion is still a work in progress but it shouldn’t be
regarded as a ‘rhetoric’ as upon the institutional and financial strength of the AU; it’s one that could be achieved
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