Prevalence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity among infants in Minilik II hospital: a retrospective study, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020.
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Date
2020-06
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity is the growth of abnormal retinal vessels secondary to
deficient vascularization of the retinal tissue as a result of hyperoxia causing reduces a regulation
of vascular endothelial growth factor and death of endothelial cells. In developing countries,
heavier and term infant develop ROP since there is inadequate awareness of the risk factors of
the disease development. There are many risk factors of ROP; the major risk factors are low birth
weight (BW), small gestational age (GA), and long term oxygen therapy.
Objective: To assess the prevalence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity among infants
in Minilik II Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020.
Methodology: An institutional based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted from
March to April 2020 at Minilik II hospital pediatrics outpatient referral eye clinic. A sample size
(301) was determined by using single population proportion formula. And study subjects were
selected using systematic random sampling method. Data was collected from medical records of
all infants from January 2018 - December 2019 with a structured check list. The collected data
was entered and cleaned using Epi data 6.4.2.0 and then exported & analyzed using SPSS
version 25. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was used to recognize the associated factors.
Result: Out of 301 infants enrolled in the study, 39(13%) developed ROP. Of these more than
half (56.4%) of them who had ROP were on Zone II + Stage 1 followed by Zone II + stage 5
(12.8%) and Stage 5(10.2%). From those infants who had ROP, 16(41%) infants were regressed
spontaneously with follow up. Univariate analysis showed that gestational age, birth weight,
oxygen therapy, preeclampsia, apnea, RDS, anemia, blood transfusion and sepsis were a
significant variable. But, birth weight, oxygen therapy and sepsis remained a significant factor in
multivariate analysis.
Conclusion and recommendation: The prevalence of ROP in this study was 13%. Birth weight,
oxygen therapy and sepsis were a significant factor for the development of ROP. Preventing risk
factors of ROP that are underweight at birth, sepsis and long term oxygen therapy are very
important to reduce childhood blindness.
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Keywords
Retinopathy of prematurity, Retina, Premature