Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFELTP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2016-05
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Addis Abeba Universty
Abstract
Background: Shigellosis is the most common cause of outbreak of bloody diarrhea worldwide with secondary infection rates as high as 40% in the household and case fatality rate of 15-20%.
Method: Unmatched 1:2 case-control study was conducted from July 2- 10, 2015. Data were collected using Semi- structured questionnaire. Stool and drinking water sample were also collected, transported and examined as per standard Microbiologic procedures. Data were entered and analyzed in Epiinfo 7 and SPSS, ARC GIS. To measure the significance of association we constructed odds ratio, 95% CI.
Results: A total of 86 dysentery cases with no death were identified. The median age of case and control were 25 (Range, 2- 62 years). The overall attack rate (AR) was 2.3 per 1000 (86) population. Highest attack rate was observed among 15- 44 years (2.6 per 1000), highest cases were registered from Arib Gebeya Kebele 4.4 per 1000 population .In multivariate analysis the statically significant variables are no access to latrine AOR=7.2 (95% CI: 1.8 – 29.4), washing hands without soap AOR 5.1=(95%CI: 2.4 -11.1),not washing of hands after using toilet AOR=5.6 (95%CI: 2.5– 12.1), open filled dispose of household garbage AOR 9.2=(95%CI: 3.7 – 22), were risk factors for dysentery diseases but treating water with chemical /boil AOR=0.16 (95%CI :0.06 – 0.39) were protective factors.50%.Stool samples collected for microbiological culture were positives for shigella dysentery and water specimens collected from spring and pipeline was positive for coliform count at 370c/48 hrs /100ml was >180,Eshenerichia Coil Type 1 present and commented as Bacteriologically the water is not potable and chlorination necessary.
Conclusion: There was an outbreak of dysentery in Dera woreda due to shigella dysentery, the most likely common source of the epidemic was contamination of water. Therefore, provision of safe drinking water supply and raising community awareness about hygienic practices to control diarrheal disease is necessary.
Key words: Dysentery, Shigellosis, Dera, Ethiopia
Description
Keywords
Dysentery, Shigellosis, Dera, Ethiopia