Clinical Characterstics and Outcome of Patients Underwent Percutanous Coronary Intervention at Gesund Cardiac And Medical Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024
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Date
2024-06-15
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Introduction: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) improves blood flow by relieving artery blockages, but is not widely available in Ethiopia due to lack of resources, staff, and well equipped infrastructure. Factors limiting the delivery of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for immediate patient intervention include access to healthcare facilities, time constraints , clinical stability, logistical challenges, and the presence of comorbidity.
Objective: This study aims to asses the clinical characteristics and outcome of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at Gesund cardiac and medical center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 2024.
Methods: Retrospective observational chart review that examined 224 patients who underwent PCI. A standardized checklist was used to gather the data, which was then imported into EPI Info v7 and exported to SPSS v26 for analysis. For continuous variables, descriptive statistics such as percentages and frequencies were computed. To identify the variables linked to the patient's outcomes following PCI, bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed. In the multivariable analysis, variables with a p-value < 0.05 were deemed statistically significant.
Result: Most of study participants (n=186, 83%) were male, with a mean age of 57.82 ± 11.5. Among the risk factors, Diabetes mellitus was found in most participants (n=135, 60.3%) and was followed by hypertension (n=127, 56.7%). Approximately (n=31, 13.8%) of the participants had previously undergone percutaneous coronary intervention. The majority of patients admitted with clinical presentation of typical chest pain , and ST Elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was the first leading indication for the intervention. The outcomes after the procedure were: significant bleeding (n=6, 2.6%), myocardial infarction (n=20, 8.9%), death (n=2, 0.9%), transfer to another hospital (n=12, 5.4%), discharge destination and acute kidney injury (n=16, 7.14%). The use of bare metal stents [AOR=54:95%CI =17.69-108.29] was significantly associated with patients transferred to other hospital, male gender [AOR=0.09:95%CI=0.027-0.337] and prior myocardial infarction [AOR=10:95%CI=2.31-43.31] were significantly associated with myocardial infarction.
Conclusion and recommendation: It is likely that coronary artery stenosis (CAS) is more common in older individuals and men. Chronic illnesses frequently occurred alongside with CAS and complicated its course and prognosis. Men risk of an unfavorable outcome is lower than that of their counterparts. Adhering to procedural intervention and using effective management techniques based on the suggested guidelines lead to favorable outcome.
Keywords: Clinical characteristics, outcomes, percutaneous coronary intervention
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Clinical characteristics outcomes percutaneous coronary intervention