Assessment of Modern Contraceptive Utilization and Associated Factors among Female Anti-Retroviral Therapy Attendants in Arada Sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2016-08
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background
Preventing unintended pregnancy is one of the 4 pillars of prevention of mother to child
transmission program. Counseling and provision of contraceptives to HIV infected women who
are on ART is an important strategy to prevent unintended pregnancy and its complication
among HIV positive women who wish to limit the number of their children or delay pregnancy.
World Health Organization considers providing safe and effective contraceptive to HIV infected
women as one strategy for preventing pediatric infections. Despite these adopted strategies very
few HIV positive women who wish to delay or limit the number of children are using modern
contraceptive methods.
Objective: To assess utilization of modern contraceptives by women of reproductive age who
are attending ante retroviral therapy(ART) clinic and associated factors in public health facilities
in Arada sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: Institutional based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in selected 5
public health facilities in Arada sub city from February to March, 2016. A systematic random
sampling technique was used to select study participants. Three hundred and forty eight eligible
women of reproductive age who were on ART were interviewed by using a pre tested structured
questionnaire to assess modern contraceptive utilization status. Data entry and cleaning was
done using Epi Info version 3.5.1 and then exported to SPSS version 20 using stat transfer
software version 12 for analysis. Bivariate analyses were done for each independent variable and
the outcome variable to select variables for the multivariate analyses. Variables which showed
p-value of less than 0.25 during bivariate analysis were entered into multivariate logistic
regression model to identify their independent effects. Odds ratio was used to measure the
strength of association between the dependent and independent variables while95% confidence
interval was used to determine the significance of the association. Tables and figures were used
to present the results of the study.
Result: One hundred (28.7%) of the respondents used at least one method of modern
contraceptives to avoid or delay pregnancy. Condom was the most utilized type of
contraceptives. Out of one hundred contraceptive users 85.2% were using dual contraceptives.
Marital status (currently married) (AOR 3.15, 95% CI 1.50-6.61),having open discussion with
sexual partner about contraceptive use (AOR8.03, 95% CI 4.22 to15.28), peers’ positive
influence (AOR 2.39,95% CI 1.09 to 5.22) and not having perception of being HIV positive affect
their contraceptive use (AOR 0.2, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.37) were the major determinant factors
identified to modern contraceptive utilization among ART attending women.
Conclusion and recommendation: Utilization of modern contraceptives by ART
attending HIV positive women of reproductive age in the study sub city was low (28.7%).
Condoms were the most frequently used contraceptive method. The proportion of women with
HIV using dual contraceptive were high (85.2%).Being currently married, having open
discussion with sexual partner, peers’ positive influence and not believing about the negative
influence of HIV on contraceptive use have positively affected contraceptive use by ART
attending HIV positive women in the study area. Strengthening counseling on the importance of
couple’s discussion as well as health education about HIV and family planning as part of ART
care and treatment to avoid negative perception towards contraceptive use is recommended.
Key words: contraceptive utilization, HIV positive, modern contraceptive, family planning
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Keywords
Contraceptive utilization, HIV positive, Modern contraceptive, Family planning