Bovine Mastitis and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Major Pathogens in Small Holder Daiy Farms in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2006-06
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Addis Ababa University Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine
Abstract
The study w as co nducted wi th the objectives of detemlining the prevalence o f clinical
and subclinical mastitis, identifying th e major pathogens of bo vi ne mastitis and testing
antimicrobial resistance of th e major pathogens isolated from quarter mi lk samples in
smallholder dairy farms in the central highlands of Eth iopi a. For this study, 109
smallholder fanners and 500 dairy cows were selec ted by a one-sta ge cl uster sampling.
Questionnaire survey w as administered to th e f ann owners to c alleet data on cow and
faml attributes. Clinical examination, CMT and bacteriological culturing were perfonned
to diagnose the occurrence of clinica l and subc lin ical mastiti s. Data collected was
analyzed using descript ive statistics and univariate and multivariate logistic regression.
The results revealed that the prevalence of clinical mastitis at herd, cow and quaner level
after culturing was 11 %, 2.6% and 0.5 1 %. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis at herd,
cow and quarter le ve l was 54.7%, 22.3% and 10.06%, respectively. The most important
pathogens isolated from subcli nical mas titis cases were S. aw'eus (46.6%), s. epidermidis
(22.8%), Sr. aga/aeriae (11.1 %) and Sr . liberis ( 10.1 %), whereas those of clinical mastitis
were Sr. aga/aeriae (30%), Sr. dysgalacriae (30%) and S. aureus (20%). The univariate
logistic regression showed that , among the risk facto rs considered, presence of teat lesion
(p<O.OI), stage or lactation (p<O.0 5) and parity number (p <O.0 5) had sign ifi cant errect on
the prevalence of subclinical ma stitis, whereas on ly presence of teat lesion (p<O.OI) and
stage lactation (p <0.05) had significant effect with multivariate logistic regression . None
of the farm attributes considered as pOll:I1tiai risk factors (bam flo o r status. milking
hygiene and milking masti tic cows at last) had signi fi cant effect (p>O .05). In addition , the.
prevalence of subclinical mastitis at herd level was not sign ifi cantly affected by all the
factors considered {farm attributes}. Regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility test. Sr.
inrermidills and S1. dysgalactiae we re the species. which s ho wed high level of
susceptibility for most of the antimicrobials, while the rest had different levels of
resistance for almost all the antimicrobials. From the antimicrobial s applied
sulphonamides was the most effective drugs, whi le ampicilin was the least effective drug.
From this study it can be co ncluded that the prevalence of subclinical and clinical mastitis
VIII
were low and moderate, respectively, in the study area. S. allrellS, was found to be the
major isolate and many of the pathogens showed resistance to commonly used drugs.
Description
Keywords
smallholder, dairy, clinical , subclinical , mastitis, prevalence, isolates, ant imicrobials