SERO-PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF CAMEL BRUCELLOSIS IN SELECTED DISTRICTS OF FAFAN ZONE, SOMALI REGION, EASTERN ETHIOPIA
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Date
2017-06
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Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 450 camels in 35 herds, from Oct, 2016 to April, 2017 with the aim of determining sero-prevalence and assessing the associated risk factors for camel Brucellosis in purposively selected three districts (Jigjiga, Babile and Gursum) of Fafan zone, Somali Regional state, Ethiopia. Among the districts, a total of 10 settlements or pastoral associations (Kebeles) (5 Kebeles from Babile, 3 Kebeles from Gursum and 2 Kebeles from Jigjiga district) were purposively selected based on distribution of camel population. Camels found in these settlements were the study population, where individual animals have been sampled using systematic random sampling. The overall sero-prevalence of Brucella in Fafan zone was 4.8% (95%, CI: 2.8−6.8). The seroprevalence with respect to district level was 10% (95%, CI: 1.7 − 18.7), 5.7% (95%, CI: 0.9 -10.5) and 1.9% (95%, CI: 0.007−0.0522) in Jigjiga, Gursum and Babile district, respectively. Univariate logistic regression analysis on potentially assumed associated risk factors against seroprevalence of brucellosis, showed a statistically significant difference in sex, age, districts, parity, herd sizes, camels that co-exist with other ruminants and reproductive disorder (abortion) (p<0.05). Furthermore, multivariable logistic regression analysis of the risk factors, revealed that the age, herd size and camels that are kept closely together with other ruminants with adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 3.3 (95%, CI: 1.58- 6.74), 4.6 (95%, CI: 2.66 - 8.10) and 11.4 (95%, CI: 1.39 - 85.46), respectively were the major risk factors for the occurrence of seropositivity to Brucella infection in camels. Moreover the questionnaire survey revealed that most respondents in the study area (67%) did not know about the transmission of Brucellosis. Therefore, this study provided the sero-prevalence status and associated risk factors for camel Brucellosis and also the local practices of pastoral communities that can potentially contribute to the spread of the disease to humans.
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MSc Thesis
Keywords
Brucellosis, Camels, Fafan Zone