Demographic, clinical characteristics, treatment outcome and determinant factors of patients with multiple myeloma at TASH from January 2015 to December 2019
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Date
2020-12
Authors
Haile, Ephrem
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background of the study
Patients with multiple myeloma are being seen in increasing frequency in different hospitals of the
country. However, local data regarding the demographic, clinical characteristics, treatment
outcome, and risk stratification of patients is lacking. This study was designed to fill this existing
gap in our setup. This will aid in the revision of treatment regimens based on a local data on the
efficacy of treatment regimens and risk stratification of patients with a newly diagnosed Myeloma
Patients and Methods
A single centered Hospital-based retrospective Cohort study was conducted from January 2015 to
December 2019. A total of 80 patients with newly diagnosed MM who received non Proteasome
inhibitor based therapy at TASH, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia were analyzed in the study.
Results
In this cohort 63.8% of the patients were males (M:F ratio 1.76:1) and the median age at diagnosis
was 52 years. The commonest complications identified were Anemia (56.3%) and pathologic
fracture (55%). The commonest comorbid conditions were; systemic hypertension (24%), CKD
(6.3%), and Diabetes (5%). The median PFS and OS of patients were found to be 17.5 and 20
months respectively. This study also identified factors like advanced DS stage, presence of
Plasmacytoma, renal dysfunction, elevated serum LDH, high level of serum protein, and
Monoclonal M protein to be significant contributors in negatively affecting OS and PFS of patients.
Conclusion
In our setup, Myeloma is more common in the male population group and our patients are younger
than the western population. Myeloma treatment regimens like CP and CPT are found to perform
less in our patients than in patients elsewhere. This is likely due to the advanced stage at
presentation. In resource-limited areas, different clinical and laboratory parameters can still serve
as of patient survival.
Description
Keywords
Multiple myeloma, clinical characteristics, PFS, OS, prognostic markers