Assessment of Respiratory Symptoms, Pulmonary Function, and Associated Factors among Beauty Salon Workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Date
2025-07
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Beauty salon workers in Ethiopia are frequently exposed to occupational hazards, such
as volatile organic compounds and particulate matter which contribute to respiratory disorders and
impaired lung function. However, there is limited research evaluating the prevalence of these
respiratory issues and their impact on lung function concerning occupational exposures in beauty
salons across Addis Ababa.
Objective: This study aimed to assess respiratory symptoms, Pulmonary function, and associated
factors among beauty salon workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 155 beauty salon workers and
155 clothing store workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. An ATS-based structured questionnaire was
used to assess respiratory symptoms. ATS guidelines were also followed for lung function
measurements. An observational checklist was used to assess workplace environmental conditions.
Multi-stage sampling was used to select participants with inclusion criteria of being at least 18 years
old and having at least 12 months of work experience. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Ethical
clearance and informed consent were obtained before conducting the data collection.
Results: The study has found that beauty salon workers had a significantly high prevalence of
respiratory symptoms (39.3%) compared to controls. Cough, phlegm, and shortness of breath were
the commonly reported symptoms. Beauty salon workers also showed reduced FEV₁, FVC, and
FEV₁/FVC ratio values ((mean ± SD: 2,408.6 ± 490.3 ml), (2,933.8 ± 646.3 ml), and (82.49 ±
5.35%) respectively). Factors such as high BMI, longer work experience, and lack of respiratory
protective equipment were associated with increased respiratory symptoms and decreased lung
function.
Conclusion: Beauty salon workers in Addis Ababa face a higher risk of developing respiratory
health problems compared to controls. Contributing factors include volatile chemical pollutants in
salons, compounded by inadequate protective measures and poor environmental conditions.
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Keywords
Beauty salon workers, respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, occupational exposure, spirometry.