Distribution of Tsetse fly and the Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomasis, in Hawa Galan District Western Oromia, Ethiopia
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Date
2018-08-08
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Livestock farming is a major part of African agricultural sector and plays an important role in food and economic security though provision of a variety of products and services including hides, skins, milk, meat, drought power, manure fiber and energy and capital accumulation. Trypanosomiasis is distributed in natural herds particularly in Africa where tsetse flies are present. Ethiopia is one of the countries which are affected by trypanosomiasis. A cross sectional study was conducted in Hawa Gelan district of Kellem Wollega Zone, Oromia Regnal State western Ethiopia from September 2017 to July 2018 to study the distribution of tsetse flies and prevalence of Bovine trypanosomiasis. Simple random sampling was used to select 384 cattle from five peasant association for collection of blood sample and 50 traps (10/site) were deployed in this peasant association. Buff coat technique was used to determine prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis in the study area. The blood sample was examined and it was found that 24 (6.25%) were parasite positive. The prevalence was significant in age group, sex and peasant association. The most common trypanosoma species identified, Trypanosoma conglense, was 16 (66.66%) higher than that of the prevalence of Trypanosoma vivax 7 (29.16%) and Trypanosoma brucie 1(4.16%). Adult animals were relatively more prone to high infection rate 6.94% than young animals 4.54% and higher prevalence of trypanosomiasis infection was observed in animals with poor body condition and low packed cell volueme (PCV) value animals. Out of 24 trypanosomiasis positive animals 75% had PCV< 24%, i.e., they were both infected and anemic. This clearly shows that, PCV value can be affected by trypanosomiasis. The mean PCV value of the present finding of parastemic (20.75) and was significantly lower than aparastemic animals (26.62). The trap was deployed before sun for 48 hours. 259 flies were caught during survey, acetone octanol and cow urine were used as attractants. Out of these flies 78 (35.13%) were the Glossina species and the rest 181 (69.86%) were biting flies. The major Glossina species identified were 65.3% (51/78) Glossina tachinoides and 34.6% (27/78) Glossina morrsitance sub moristans. The apparent densities of different flies during the study period 0.8fly/trap/day for tsetse species and 2.6 flies/trap/day. Finally, to minimize the disease vector tsetse implementing control method with integrated approach is essential for sustainable benefit from cattle.
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Keywords
Bovine, Infection Prevalence, Traypanosomosis, Tsetse Flies