Magnitude of Hyponatremia and its Associated Factors Among Acute Stroke Patients Admitted in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2025-02-11
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Stroke is a serious life-threatening medical condition which is responsible for
more than six million deaths annually. It has become the second-leading cause of death and the
third-leading cause of combined death and disability worldwide. In Ethiopia as well it is now
regarded as a public health threat & remains an important cause of temporary & permanent
disability. Significant determinants of poor outcome and mortality in stroke patients is related to
both medical and neurological complications. Hyponatremia in stroke is frequently faced
electrolyte disturbance. It is observed either on admission or during their hospitalization and
associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
OBJECTIVE: The end goal of this study is to measure magnitude of hyponatremia and its factors
associated with it in acute stroke patients admitted in TASH. It also address associated conditions
as contributory of hyponatremia. Magnitude of hypokalemia will be studied along with it as it is
measure simultaneously in our laboratories.
METHODOLOGY: A prospective observational cross-sectional study design was employed.
Eligible men & women age 13 years and above who are willing and able to hand informed consent
was participate in this study. Patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA), NIHSS < 5 were
excluded from the study. Validated tools like NIHSS, GCS, ICH score and mRS were used to
measure the predictor variables. SPSS statistical software has been used to analyze collected data.
Binary logistic regression analysis was computed and variables with p-value < 0.25 were
considered candidates for multivariable logistic regression. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with
95% confidence interval was estimated to identify the association. The statistical value was
declared as a value of P < 0.05. Result: A sum of 88 stroke patients were engaged in the study
with a response rate of 93.6%. The study found that, 39 (44.3%) patients had documented
hyponatremia (either within 24hrs of admission, 24hrs to 14 days of admissions or both). The study
revealed that patients who were given mannitol infusion treatment (AOR = 4.24, 95% CI: 1.08
16.6) and a proton pump inhibitor (AOR = 4.84, 95% CI: 1.33–17.5) were factors associated with
hyponatremia.
Conclusion: Hyponatremia is prevalent in acute stroke patients. Receiving mannitol infusion and
proton pump inhibitors treatment were identified to be critically associated with hyponatremia among acute
stroke patients. Therefore, the review implies a robust emphasis is needed to monitoring and therapeutically
managing sodium levels among acute stroke patients.
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Magnitude of Hyponatremia, Associated Factors Among Acute, Stroke Patients Admitted