Study on the Prevalence of Cysticercosis and Hydatidosis in Cattle Slaughterd at Addis Ababa Abattoirs Enterprise, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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2005-06
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Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2012 to April 2013 to determine the prevalence and characteristics of metacestodes in cattle slaughtered at Addis Ababa abattoirs enterprise, Ethiopia. In addition, a questionnaire was presented to the inhabitants of the city to determine their infection status as well as to identify factors predisposing them to infection. Out of the 410 cattle examined for the presence of metacestodes: 110 had Cysticercus bovis and 70 hydatid cysts. Therefore, the overall prevalence of bovine cysticercosis and hydatidosis was determined to be 26.83% (95% CI = 22.60-31.40) and 17.07% (95% CI = 13.56 ‒ 21.07) respectively. Results of the study showed that origin, breed, age and body condition of the animal significantly affected the prevalence of cysticercosis (P<0.05) Significantly less infection of C. bovis was observed in cattle from Borana (OR = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.14-0.52; P = 0.000) and Woalita (OR = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.20-0.72; P = 0.003) than in cattle from Arsi and in adult >5 years) (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.30 ‒ 0.74; P = 0.001) than in young animals ( (<5 years). Cattle that are crossbreed and medium body conditioned were 2.5 (95% CI = 1.12- 5.59; P = 0.025) and 3.49 (95% CI = 1.79 ‒ 6.78; P = 0.000) times more infected with cysticercosis than localbreed indigenous cattle and those with good body condition. Similarly, cattle from Borana were significantly less (OR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.14 ‒ 0.68; P = 0.003) infected with hydatid cyst than those from Arsi while Adult cattle (>5 years) were highly (OR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.08-3.78; P = 0.028) infected than young animals (<5 years). However, breed and body condition of cattle were insignificantly associated with the prevalence of hydatid cyst (P>0.05). The heart, shoulder and masseter muscles were the most frequently C. bovis infected organs with an infection rate of 31.79%, 25.17% and 23.84% respectively. The Lungs and liver were found more frequently affected than the remainder with a respective proportion of 56.25% and 23.44% of infected organs in that order. Of the 400 C bovis collected and examined for viability 191 (47.75%) were alive while 209 (52.25%) were dead. out of 500 cysts collected and examined for the status of fertility, sterility, or calcification, 112 (22.4%) were calcified, 219 (43.8%) sterile, and 169 (33.8%) fertile. And out of 169 fertile cysts 58 (34.3%) were live whereas 111 (65.7%) dead. From a total of 110 interviewed persons, 70 (63.64%; 95% CI: 53.92%-72.60%) disclosed they have contracted infection. univariable logistic regression analysis of various characteristics, the proportion of infection with T. Saginata varied significantly between the two sexes, among the different age groups, religion, occupation, meat eating habits and uses of spices (P<0.05) whereas marital staus and type of education were insignificant (P>0.05). Females were found less affected with taeniosis as compared to males (OR = 0.24; 95 CI = 0.11-0.55; P = 0.000). Among the different age groups considered, those between 15 and 26 years were 10.83 times (95%CI = 2.05-57.27) more infected than those below 15 years. Likewise, those 27-40 years and above 40 years were 14.17 times (95% CI = 2.71-74.11) and 6.67 times (95% CI = 1.05-42.43) more infected than those under 15 years of age. From the two religious groups, Christians’ were more prone to beef tapeworm infection than Muslims (OR = 4.57; 95 CI = 1.56-13.41; P = 0.006). High risk groups that have frequent exposure too cattle meat and their products showed 8.17 (95% CI = 3.25-20.54; P = 0.000) times, raw meat eaters 14.29 (95% CI = 5.92-34.42; P = 0.000) times times and spice users 2.59 (95% CI = 1.17 ‒ 5.76; P = 0.019) times higher infection than the low risk groups, cooked meat eaters and those who do not use spice. Drug inventory on five drug shops and pharmacies between the year 2009 and 2012 revealed that 481,320 doses of taenicidal drugs were sold that worth 10,120,112 Eth. Birr and niclosamide (tablet), mebendazole and praziquantel were the most frequently solddrugs. In conclusion, prevention of metacestode infecton via through proper process of freezing, boiling or destruction infected carcases and offals, regular deworming of dogs and creation of public health awareness is recommended.
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Cysticercosis, Cattle, Hydatidosis, Prevalence