Risk perception of hepatitis b infection and uptake of hepatitis b vaccine among the nurses in private hospitals in Addis Ababa- a cross-sectional study
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Date
2018-06
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Addis Ababa Universty
Abstract
Background: Globally, hepatitis B infection is one of the major public health problems. It is the
tenth leading cause of death among all diseases worldwide. Health care workers, especially
nurses, are more exposed to the danger of acquiring the virus, due to their contact with blood or
body fluids of infected person. The good thing is, hepatitis B is a vaccine preventable infection
and this vaccine is safe, nearly 100% effective and has been available since 1982.
Objectives: To assess the level of risk perception of hepatitis B infection and uptake of hepatitis
B vaccine and the related factors among the nurses in private hospitals in Addis Ababa.
Methods: Facility based cross-sectional survey was carried out among the nurses in private
hospitals in Addis Ababa, between March and April 2018. Study participants were selected using
simple random sampling technique. A total of 326 nurses were included in this study. Data was
collected by using self-administered questionnaire, entered on Epidata version 3.1 and was
exported to SPSS version 21 statistical software for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis
was done to identify important predictors.
Result: Among the study participants, 62% of them had high risk perception of hepatitis B
infection while the remaining 119(38%) had low risk perception. About half of the respondents,
149(49.7%) were vaccinated at least once in their life time. Out of the total respondents
vaccinated, 121(40.4%) were completely vaccinated with the appropriate vaccination schedule.
Study participants who were lower degree holder (diploma) were found to be 0.28 times less
likely to take HB vaccine. Those who were in Pediatrics and Surgical/Oncology/Dental among
the in-patient unit were 0.07 and 0.17 times respectively, less likely to take HB vaccine. Overall
risk perception was also found to be statistically significant.
Conclusion& Recommendation: This study revealed that the level of uptake of HB vaccine
among the respondents, for at least once in their life time is about half. More than three-quarter
of the total vaccinated, were completely vaccinated with appropriate vaccination schedule.
Majority of the study participants of this study had high risk perception. Educational status, year
of service or experience, being screened for HBsAg and the risk perception of HB infection were
found to be independent predictors of level of uptake of hepatitis B vaccine of the respondents.
Considering the importance of the HB vaccine, it should be made readily available at little or no
cost through all the necessary channels and reminder should be sent for the next dose.
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Keywords
Hepatitis B Vaccine ,Hepatitis B Infection