In Vivo Drug Sensitivity Tests of Trypanosoma Vivaxisolates from Selected Tsetse Infested and Tsetse Free Areas of North West, Ethiopia
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Date
2014-06
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AAU
Abstract
Tsetse transmitted animal trypanosomosis is an economically devastating disease in Sub Saharan Africa where trypanocidal drug treatment is the mainstay of control but their
efficacy is hampered because of the widespread occurrence of drug resistance. The
present study conducted from March to June of 2014 in young zebu cattle was to
determine the drug sensitivity of T vivax isolates from selected tsetse infested and tsetse
free areas of Northwest Ethiopia and also to look for hematological profiles improvement
after treatment. A total of tlu·ee isolates one from tsetse infested and two from tsetse free
areas were used. A prospective study and randomized controlled block design was
applied to the experimental animals together with preliminary questionnaire survey on
drug usages. The study revealed that one isolate from tsetse free area was resistant to
7mg/kg of DA. The finding of one relapse from the tsetse isolate to 1mg/kg of ISM is
highly indicative that more relapses could be found if more isolates were used. The
decrease in packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration improvements was more
common in breaktlu-ough infections. Results of the experiment on the low efficacy of the
drugs were supported by respondents of questiolU1aire survey. In conclusion, drug
resistance is a tm·eat in both areas and the situation is magnified in the non-tsetse areas so
that control of the disease should be an integrated approach. Moreover, the use of
sanative pair with DA and ISM in accordance with the reported drug resistance is
impOliant to reduce the problems in the study sites. Fmihermore, extensive data on
trypanocidal drug sensitivity tests on more T. vivax isolates using advanced molecular
techniques is essential.
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Keywords
Trypanosoma vivax, diminazene aceturate, isometamidium chloride, young zebu cattle, North west Ethiopia