Physicochemical, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Sensory Characterization of Belete-Gera Forest Honey, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Date
2018-11-04
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the quality of honey based on botanical origin, physicochemical, antimicrobial, antioxidant and sensory properties collected from Belete -Gera forest, Jimma, Ethiopia. A total forty eight samples honey samples were collected from Jimma- Ethiopia and categorized into seven monofloral honey using melissopalynology. Sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose) and hydroxylmethyfurfural were investigated using high performance liquid chromatography and moisture, pH, acidity, ash, aw, conductivity and colour were analysed using harmonized method of the international honey commission. The antioxidant content (phenol, flavonoid) and antioxidant activity (2, 2 -Diphenyl 1-picryl hydrazyl assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power, Peroxide Radical scavenging activities) were analysed using UV-spectrophotometer. The antimicrobial properties were analysed using disc diffusion and sensory acceptability based on seven hedonic scale. The monoflora honey found in Belete-Gera were; Eucalyptus, Guizotia spp, Vicia faba, Trifolium, Vernonia, Hypericum and Sativa in which their total sugar content 64.67±6.18/100g (Eucalyptus), 63.8±5.74g/100g (Guizotia), 63.08±5.14g/100g (Viciafaba), 62.16±4.44g/100g (Tirifolium), 64.68±4.35g/100g (Vernonia), 63.45±5.19g/100g (Hypericum), 64.73±4.44g/100g (sativa), pH 4.10±0.01(Eucalyptus), 4.3±0.00 (Guizotia), 4.23±0.02 (Vicia faba), 4.25±0.00 (Trifolium), 4.09±0.03 (Vernonia), 3.70±0.01(Hypericum), 3.620±.00 (Sativa), moisture content 15.0±0.16 (Eucalyptus), 17.0±0.32 (Guizotia), 18.8±0.15 (Vicia faba), 15.8±0.32 (Tirifolum), 19.0±0.15 (Vernonia), 16.2±0.29 (Hypericum), 18±0.24% (sativa), electrical conductivity 0.50±0.04 (Eucalyptus), 0.20±0.01 (Guizotia), 0.2±0.00 (Viciafaba), 0.42+0.12 (Tirfolium), 0.31+0.07 (Vernonia), 0.37±0.05 (Hypericum), 0.26±0.04mS/cm (Sativa), HMF12.2±4.8 (Eucalyptus), 16.1±3.9 (Guizotia), 16.33±4.5 (Viciafaba), 21.95±0.87 (Trifolium), 18.23+1.72 (Vernonia), 12.25±4.94 (Hypericum), 19.20±4.20g/kg (Sativa), aw 0.53±0.04 (Eucalyptus), 0.56±0.01 (Guizotia), 0.59±0.00(Vicia faba), 0.54±0.01(Trifolium), 0.60±0.00 (Vernonia), 0.55±0.00(Hypericum), 0.59±0.00%(Sativa), ash content 0.30±0.0 (Eucalyptus) , 0.1±0.02 (Guizitia), 0.30±0.0 (Vicia faba), 0.10±0.00 (Trifolium), 0.6±0.04 (Vernonia), 0.2±0.01, 0.1±0.00mg/kg (Sativa) respectively. Mean phenol content for Eucalyptus, Guizotia spp, Vicia faba, Trifolium, Vernonia, Hypericum and Sativa were: 615.6±5.50, 536.4±4.00, 453.1±3.12, 413.2±2.51, 425.0±2.00, 406.7±3.13, 61.95±1.47GAE/kg respectively; Flavonoids had 41.50±0.84, 24.22±0.73, 31.83±0.16, 11.09±0.11, 12.18±0.01, 25.62±0.08, 18.90±0.11mgQE/kg respectively; , DPPH had 47.40±1.13, 52.72±0.32, 42.27±1.13, 55.93±0.69, 37.29±0.11, 60.01±0.087, 72.76±5.09% respectively and peroxide radical scavenger had 63.6±2.82, 59.2±0.46, 86.3±11.03, 72.7±6.36, 76.2±7.21, 82.4±7.91, 65.0±1.13% respectively. The mean sensory acceptance for Eucalyptus and sativa taste was 5.44±0.95, 5.32±1.13 respectively; smell 5.54 ±0.95, 5.20±0.94, respectively; color 5.52±0.78, 5.86±0.83respectively and over all acceptability was 5.78±0.84, 5.58±0.99 respectively in a scale of seven. The results of honey indicated that, all the honey samples collected from Belete-Gera forest area satisfy the Codex, EU and Ethiopian standard. Eucalyptus honey had the best quality as compaiered from the rest and Honey is unique on its floral source of the nectar from which it was made and assessing the physicochemical and antioxidant property of honey from different area is necessary.
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Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Honey, Physicochemical