Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Hbv, Hiv And Syphilis Infections Among Pregnant Women Attending at Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Date
2014-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background
Sexually transmitted infections (HIV, HBV and Syphilis) are major public health problems
worldwide with a highly prevalent in developing countries like Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. All
of these common sexually transmitted infections share similar mode of
transmission which is
these includes: receiving of blood through donation, ear piercing and history of abortion for
HBV infection and sharing different sharp materials and contact history with infected person for
HIV infection alone.
Conclusion
This study showed that HIV infection was similar with Addis Ababa HIV prevalence whereas;
HBV infection was intermediate according to WHO classification. Syphilis was non-existing and
HBV-HIV co-infection was very low. Therefore; not only for HIV but also for HBV infection
needs to be screened for all pregnant women during pregnancy.
Key terms: HIV, HBsAg, Syphilis, Seroprevalence, risk factors, pregnant women
horizontal and perinatal (vertical) transmission. Their complication isn’t only restricted to the
pregnant women but also to their newborn infants; rather they affects concurrently.
Objective
This study has undertaken to determine sero-prevalence and risk factors of HBV, HIV and
syphilis infections among pregnant women attending at Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia from January to April 2014.
Method
A descriptive-correlational study design conducted among 403 pregnant women attending at
Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia between January and April 2014. Participants
enrolled consecutively after consenting and an interview have conducted to obtain information
regarding risk factors. Blood have collected and screened for hepatitis B surface antigen using
rapid screening test strip and cassette device. After all; the final positive sample for HBsAg
confirmed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover; Antibodies to HIV-1/2
tested based on the national testing algorism but Trepollema pallidum antibodies were by
Syphilis Rapid Test Strip (Quick TestTM Syphilis Serum/ Plasma/Whole Blood Strip). Finally the
data entered using Epi Info version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 16 so as to recode, clean,
validate and analyze.
Results
A total of 403 pregnant women with the mean age of 24.8 (SD+5.99) years old enrolled in the
study. Overall, 21/403 (5.2%) and 20 /403 (5%) of the pregnant women were positive for HIV
and HBsAg, respectively. The co-infection of HIV-HBV was 0.5% (2/403). However; no cases
of Syphilis detected positive. In relation to the risk factors; history of sex with multiple sexual
partners, pre-exposure to STI and low level of monthly income were significantly associated
with both HBV and HIV, while each infection found to have additional different risk factors;
Description
Keywords
HIV, HBsAg, Syphilis, Seroprevalence