Sero-prevalence of Human Brucellosis Malaria-co-infection and Risk Factors among Febrile Patients Visited Derayitu Health Center and Kelewani Primary Hospital at Awra and Gulina district, Afar Region, Ethiopia
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Date
2019-10
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease usually acquired through direct contactwith the infected animals and consumption of contaminated milk and meat products.In humans Brucellosis presents similar signs with other febrile diseases like Malaria,typhoid and other febrile conditions.
Objective: In this study weaimed to determine Sero-prevalence of human brucellosismalaria co-infection and risk factors among febrile patients visited Derayitu Healthcenter and Kelewani Primary Hospital at Awra and Gulina district, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Methods: A cross Sectional study was conducted among febrile patients visitingDerayitu Health center and Kelewani Primary Hospital at Awra & Gulina District of Afarregion, Ethiopia from February to May 2019. After consent/assent obtained,demographic and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaire, 5mlvenous blood was collected with plain vacutainer tubs. Serum was separated andstored in refrigerator after thick and thin blood films were prepared. Rose Bengal plateTest (RBPT) was performed and those positive sera were confirmed using ELISA.Giemsa stained thick and thin blood films, were made to look for the presence ofhemo-parasites. Data were entered in Epi Data3.1 and exported to Stata 14 to analyzeprevalence and potential risk factors at 95% confidence interval < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant
Results: A total 444 febrile individuals (females constituting of 61.1%), age rangedfrom 2 to 83 years (mean = 26.1, SD = ±11.8) were participated in this study. Among all(444) individuals tested, 31.5 % (140/444) were found reactive by Rose Bengal plateTest and only half of the reactive (70/140) were found reactive again by EnzymeLinked Immuno sorbent assay. The sero-prevalence of Brucellainfection based on thetwo tests was 15.8 % (70/444). Being males (23.3%, X2= 13.05; p <0.001), illiterate(20.4%, X2= 6.21; p = 0.045) and rural residents (17.6%; X2 = 3.93; p = 0.047) were highlyinfected by Brucella infection than their respective comparison. Multivariate logisticregression model analysis revealed that drinking of raw milk (AOR=16.96, 95%CI:2.27-126.69, p=0.006) and touching aborted fetus/discharges without protection(AOR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.08-4.20, p = 0.029) were found significantly associated withhaving brucellosis where as being females (AOR = 0.42, 95 % CI: 0.44 - 0.74, P = 0.003)were found associated with not having brucellosis. Of all (444) individuals, 19 (4.3%)were found positive for malaria infection (only for P. falciparum).
Conclusion: Findings in this study clearly show that the sero-prevalence of humanbrucellosis among febrile patients is high (15.8%). The study also identified thatconsuming raw milk and touching of aborted material/fetus were the risk factors forbrucellosis. Intervention focusing on awareness about the zoonotic nature ofbrucellosis and the role of raw milk in the transmission of the diseases is important tocontrol the diseases.
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This Is To Certify That The Thesis Prepared By Sintayehu Mehari EntitledSero-Prevalence Of Human Brucellosis Malaria-Co-Infection And Riskfactors Among Febrile Patients Visited Derayitu Health Center AndKelewani Primary Hospital At Awra And Gulina District, Afar Region,Ethiopia’ And Submitted In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For Master OfScience Degree In Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Diagnostic And Public HealthMicrobiology) Complies With The Regulations Of The University And Meets The AcceptedStandards With Respect To Originality And Quality.
Keywords
Brucellosis, malaria, Sero-prevalence, Pastoralists, Afar Ethiopia,