Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
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Date
2014-05
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Addis Abeba Universty
Abstract
Background:. Malaria is ranked as the leading communicable disease in Ethiopia, accounting for about 30% of the overall Disability Adjusted Life Years lost. Approximately 57.3 million (68%) of the 84.3 million population of Ethiopia live in areas at risk of malaria. On 16/10/2013 South Wollo zone, Amhara region reported case build ups of malaria from Kalu district. An investigation was conducted to verify the existence of the outbreak, to identify the risk factors for transmission of malaria and to undertake appropriate prevention and control interventions. Method: The previous year’s number of patients in that week multiplied by two is taken as a threshold and compared with current data (2013). We conducted a case control study case: control ratio 1:2.. Cases were defined as febrile cases confirmed by microscopy or RDT for plasmodium parasites. Controls were with no fever in recent months matched by age group, gender and living place. Case and controls were interviewed using structured questionnaire. School children assessed about utilization of bed nets. Environmental assessments were conducted and information on potential mosquitoes breeding sites was collected. Result:. A total of 308 cases were identified and the alert threshold crossed in October or 41 to 44 weeks. 60 cases and 120 controls were included for data analysis. 57% and 67% among cases and controls respectively have bed nets and utilize it. 80% of cases and 54% controls live close to gutter to collect rainwater. Bed net utilization (OR:0.6, 95% CI:0.3-1.2) was not significantly associated with illness. However, living close to gutter to collect rainwater(OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.6-7.0) was found to be significantly associated with malaria infection. 1800-2000 estimated gutters to collect rain water and mosquito larvae were found. Conclusion: An outbreak of malaria occurred in Kalu district. So, Larvicide control measures should be applied. Keywords: malaria, Amhara, case control, gutter to collect rainwater Word count:295
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malaria, Amhara, case control, gutter to collect rainwater