Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Associated Factors among Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Ethiopia, 2021
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Date
2021-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious sight-threatening microvascularcomplication of type two diabetes mellitus. Globally, it is one of the leading causes ofirreversible vision loss. Ninety-three million people live with diabetic retinopathy suffersome sort of eye damage worldwide. Aim: The aim of this study was therefore to assessthe prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and its associated factors among type two diabetes
mellitus patients who attend diabetic unit of Hiwot Fana Specialized Hospital, 2021.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2021 atHiwot Fana Specialized Hospital, Harar, Ethiopia. Data was collected using semistructured questionnaire and direct eye examination with Slit-Lamp biomicroscopy. Datawas analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 20. Logistic regression models wereused to identify predictors of diabetic retinopathy. Statistical significance wasdetermined using odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 210 type 2diabetes patients, the mean age of 46.7 ±12.7 years, participated in this study. Theprevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 58 (27.6%) with 95% CI (22-34%). Of these,
almost three quarters (72.4%) of DR participants had mild NPDR, around one – fourth(22.4%) of DR participants had moderate NPDR, whereas less than one tenth (3.4%) and(1.7%) of DR participants had severe NPDR and PDR respectively. Being < 60 years old(AOR= 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.84), having comorbid hypertension (AOR= 8.63, 95% CI:2.51, 29.75), glycemic control less than 7 (AOR= 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.28), having family history of DM (AOR= 3.29, 95% CI: 1.02, 10.67), < 5 years diabetes duration
(AOR= 0.18, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.61) were factors significantly associated with diabeticretinopathy. Conclusion: Our study showed the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was27.6%. Diabetic retinopathy was significantly associated with HbAlc ≥ 7%, Being ≥ 60years old, hypertension, having family history of DM, and ≥ 5 years diabetes duration.Early screening of diabetic retinopathy and giving more attention for type two diabetespatients with those associated factors were recommended.
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Keywords
Diabetic Retinopathy, Type Two Diabetes Patients, Prevalence, Harar, Ethiopia.