ISOLATION AND GENOTYPING CAPRIPOXVIRUS FROM CATTLE IN EAST SHAWA, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
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2019-06
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Abstract
Capri poxviruses (CaPVs) represent one of eight genera within the chordopoxvirus (ChPV) subfamily of the Poxviridae. These viruses are responsible for some of the most economically significant diseases of domestic ruminants in Africa and Asia. CaPV infections are generally host specific and they have specific geographic distributions CaPVs are, however, serologically indistinguishable from each other, able to induce heterologous cross-protection, and able in some instances to experimentally cross-infect. Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious disease of cattle, caused by a Lumpy Skin Disease Virus. LSD causes considerable economic losses. In Ethiopia, the disease is distributed almost in all regions and regarded as one of the most economically important livestock diseases in the country. The current study focused on the identification of CaPVs based on outbreak reports in East shawa of the central Ethiopia. Outbreak survey found that there were 6.1% morbidity, 2.2% mortality and 36.2% case fatality rates in the study area. Skin lesion samples were collected from clinically sick cattle and virus was isolated on cell culture and shown the characteristics CPE of the virus. Vero cell however found less sensitive for LSDV primary isolation but isolation can be achieved by using continuous passaging of the virus. Out of 20 tissues samples 12 were grown on Vero cells and all of them showed cytopathic effect due to virus infection and all samples were positive by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).The virus DNA was identified by amplifying the 172bp DNA fragment with conventional PCR and further was subjected to real time PCR assay can differentiate between the three genotypes of Capri poxviruses (CaPV) strains based on differences in the melting point temperature (Tm) obtained after fluorescence melting curve analysis. Isolation and genotyping of the virus from these outbreak cases shows the occurrence of the disease. Preventing movement the diseased animals along with vector control, regular annual vaccinations and awareness creation for cattle owners play great role in disease prevention and control, finally genotyping of CaPVs from different areas of the country and testing potency and efficacy of the currently used vaccines are highly recommended.
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Central Ethiopia, genotyping, capripox virus,