Practice and challenges of plastic waste collection: The case of Addis Ababa
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Date
2024-07
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Plastic waste collection has become a vital economic activity in Addis Ababa, supporting the livelihoods of formally registered and informally operating waste collectors. This thesis explored their practices and challenges through a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data were gathered from a sample of 174 collectors, comprising 44 formal and 130 informal plastic waste collectors, selected using stratified and simple random sampling methods. Complementary qualitative insights were also collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) with participants from both categories of collectors, along with key informants from government agencies, small and medium-sized enterprises, and plastic waste recyclers. The quantitative findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were examined thematically. The study revealed that 90% of both group collectors focus on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste, mainly sourced from streets and ditches. Majority of formal waste collectors gather waste from households but face challenges with poorly sorted plastic waste. Informal collectors typically collect smaller quantities of plastic daily and work longer hours compared to formal plastic waste collectors. Significant discrepancies in resources and capabilities exists between formal and informal collectors; formal collectors have access to transportation more often than informal collectors, who usually transport plastic waste manually. Safety practices also vary widely, with 98% of formal collectors using personal protective equipment during collection and transportation of waste, compared to 19% informal collectors. Access to properly designated storage areas for plastic waste is among the significant challenges; formal waste collectors use public open spaces for storage, while informal plastic waste collectors store in relatively better private fenced areas. Many formal collectors are concerned about low unit and fluctuating plastic waste prices, which they often experience reduced income. Training opportunities and other forms of support are scarce for both groups, and relationships with buyers are largely transactional, with most collectors operating without any written or unwritten contracts. Inclusive training programs, the integration of informal collectors into the formal system, and fostering collaboration among government agencies and other stakeholders are essential recommendations to improve plastic waste collection practices and address existing challenges.
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formal, informal, plastic waste, waste collectors, waste management, recyclers, SMEs.