Isolation, Identification and Seroprevalence of Newcastle Disease Virus in Village Chickens in South West Shewa Ethiopia
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Date
2009
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Debre Zeit
Abstract
A study on seroprevalence, isolation and identification of Newcastle disease virus in village
chickens in south west shewa zone was conducted using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay,
Haemagglutination, Haemagglutination inhibition test and real time RT-PCR. A total of 355
chickens from eight kebeles of the study site were used for the study of seroprevalence. The
overall seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus antibodies in the study area was 5.6% (3.2-
8.0% at 95 % CI). Five (62.5%) of the eight kebeles sampled had chickens that were positive for
antibodies against NDV. The prevalence in each kebele ranges from 0% to 28.1 % and the highest
prevalence (28.1 %) was found at Harbu Kebele which is located just near to the market. The
prevalences of chicken's serum antibody in the highland and lowland area were 0.9% and 7.8%
respectively. Statistically significant (p<0.05) difference in prevalence of Newcastle disease virus
antibodies was found between highland and lowland, local and cross breeds and young and adult
chickens. The difference, however, was not statistically significant (p>0.05) for male and female.
Much (95%) of the chicken sera do have a percent inhibition value between -104 and 74.33 and a
normally distributed figure was found. From Newcastle suspected outbreak cases, six samples
were collected from recently dead and sick chickens for isolation and identification of Newcastle
disease virus. The result indicated that all the six samples were positive for Haemagglutination
and Haemagglutination inhibition tests. But cloacal and tracheal swab samples from 30
apparently healthy chickens revealed that there was no haemagglutinating viral agents. None of
the samples can lead to the death of embryo even at the second passage. Subjection of genome
extract from allantoic harvest to real time RT-PCR using specific primer for fusion protein
cleavage site resulted in amplification of viral genome. Three samples taken from allantoic
harvest of outbreak areas were amplified but none was amplified from apparently healthy chicken
using real time RT-PCR. This further confirmed that Avian Paramyxovirus type one was isolated
and identified from outbreak cases of ND in the study area. The low prevalence to NDV in the
study area indicated that the village chickens are highly susceptible to the pathogenic NDV
infection. Thus, it is recommended that there should be routine vaccination program in the study
area.
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Keywords
Identification, Isolation, Newcastle disease, Seroprevalence, Village Chicken