The Impacts of Development-Induced Displacement and Relocation on the Livelihoods of Households in Dukem Area
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Date
2014-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
This study has examined the impacts of development projects on the livelihoods of displaced households in urban vicinity of Dukem area. It emphasized on assessing of compensation and rehabilitation strategies, the impacts of displacement on the household livelihoods, differential impact of displacement on affected households and the coping strategies adopted by displaced households.
The study employed both qualitative and quantitative research methods. In-depth interviews, FGDs, observation and survey method were used as tools of data collection. In addition, secondary data were also collected from different sources. To analyze the impact of displacement on the livelihoods of displaced people the study used Cernea‟s impoverishment risks and reconstruction model IRRM as theoretical and analytical framework.
The study uncovered that the existing compensation scheme is monetary based, inadequate, delayed, and lack special consideration for highly vulnerable groups. Moreover, the proclamation and legal frameworks of compensation have no clear provision of livelihood rehabilitation schemes which resulted in failures of households to rebuild their livelihoods. The study also found that the majority of the displaced households experienced deterioration of their economic bases; landlessness, cattlelessness and joblessness which is resulted in lack of capacity to construct house, decline in productivity and food insecurity, socio-economic marginalization weakening of social networks and deterioration of access to community services after displacement. The study also revealed that poor farm households, elderly, households with large dependent members and lower level of education severely affected by the displacement. It was also depicted that diversification of income sources, rent of productive live stocks , sell of basic assets and educating children were the different coping strategies adopted at the local level.
To solve such a problems the study suggested measures to be taken by different stakeholders such as government duty to devise and implement comprehensive compensation and rehabilitation policy, the importance of empowering and participating the community in decision making process, facilitating job creation and training, building social and human capitals of displacees
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Keywords
Displacement ;Relocation