Dietary Pattern of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Follow Up in Public Hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2016-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background Controlled diet plays a major role in delaying diseases progression among diabetes
patients. Diabetes patients often have difficulty of identifying the recommended type, quality and
quantity of diet. Knowledge of a recommended diet for diabetes patients influences patient’s
food selection and dietary pattern .This study aimed to assess the dietary pattern of type 2
diabetes patients in relation to the recommended dietary guideline and identify the patterns with
optimal glycemic control.
Objective: To assess the dietary pattern and knowledge of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on
the recommended diet in public hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: The study employed Institutional based cross-sectional study design from July 2015 to
June 2016.We used a semi quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) with 67 food items
to evaluate the dietary pattern and nutrient intake of type 2 diabetes patients. We identified
dietary patterns using factor analysis. The relationship between the dietary patterns and glycemic
control was investigated by multivariate regression analysis using STATA version12.1.
Result- A total of 385 patients with diabetes were included in the study. Five dietary patterns
were identified. The dietary patterns were; (i) the “cereals, vegetable, legumes and fruits”, (ii) the
“cereal, meat, vegetable and wine”, (iii) the “fast food” and (iv) the” vegetable and coffee”, (v)
the “sweet and dairy product” dietary pattern. Carbohydrate mean intake was higher than the
recommended daily allowance while energy is lower but the intake of total fat, protein, and fiber
were within the recommended daily allowance. The “cereals, vegetable legumes and fruits”, and
the “cereal, meat, vegetable and wine” dietary patterns were positively associated with good
glycemic control. Poor dietary knowledge was found in more than half (55.8%) of the patients.
Conclusion and recommendation.-Being a member of diabetes association and those who got
more advice from a doctor were more likely to follow healthy dietary pattern. Those who follows
varied pattern (vegetable, fruit, legumes & cereal) based had good control of glycemia. More
than half of the patients had poor dietary knowledge. Integrating dietary education in the
management of diabetes mellitus could lead to better outcome.
Key words -Type 2 diabetes, dietary pattern, knowledge, semi quantitative FFQ, Factor analysis
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Keywords
Type 2 diabetes, Dietary pattern, Knowledge, Semi quantitative FFQ, Factor analysis