Seroepidemiology of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis and Isolation of Bovine Herpes Virus-1 from local breed cattle in selected districts of South Omo Zones, Ethiopia
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Date
2023
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a highly contagious viral disease of domestic and wild bovines and angulates caused by Bovine herpes virus 1 (BoHV-1). It causes a high economic loss in cattle industry worldwide. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to May 2023 to determine the seroprevalence of the disease, assess the potential risk factors associated with the disease as well as to isolate the BHV-1 from local breed cattle in the selected districts of the South Omo zone, Ethiopia. A total of 400 blood sera and 24 nasal swaps were collected to determine the seroprevalence and isolation of the virus respectively. Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (C-ELISA) was used to detect antibodies specific to Bovine Herpes Virus-1 (BoHV-1). The nasal swap samples were propagated on Madine-Darby Bovine Kidney Epithelial (MDBK, passage 84) cell line, monitored and inspected for the development of cytopathic effects (CPE). Descriptive statistics, chi-square (x2) test, univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyse the field and laboratory data. An overall individual animal seroprevalence of 81% (324 of 400) and herd-level seroprevalence of 88.29% (83 of 94) were recorded. Out of 24 samples were processed for virus isolation, virus specific cytopathic effects were observed only in 6 (25%) samples. Factors such as herd size (OR= 14.5, p=0.000), movement across a national border (OR=5.2, p=0.005), contact with wild animals (OR=3.99, p=0.005), retained placenta (OR=30.7, p= 0.005), and purchased, gifted or cattle rustling (OR=10.6, p=0.000) were found statistically associated with IBR seropositivity in multivariate analysis. However, abortion, dystocia, still birth, history of respiratory and ocular problem, sex, age, crossing Park and sanctuary boundary, were not found statistically significant. In general, the serological and cell culture results showed that BHV-1 was circulating among the herds in the study area. Given that the current study was limited in time, space and design, further works need to be conducted to generate additional information which helps reduce the transmission and socio-economic impacts of the IBR disease on domestic cattle.
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Keywords
BHV-1, Cattle, C-ELISA, IBR, Isolation, Seropositivity, Risk factor