Outcomes and its Predictors of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury Among Injured Patients at Selected Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019.
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Date
2019-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: - Globally, traumatic brain injury is a substantial cause of morbidity andmortality across all age groups, with a disproportionately greater burden borne by low- and middle-income countries. Objective: -The aim was to assess the outcomes and predictors of traumatic brain injury among traumatic brain injury patients. Method: - A two years retrospective cross-sectional study design was employed among 371 participants in the two trauma hospitals found in Addis Ababa between February 25 and April 15 2019.Participants with traumatic brain injury who visited the two trauma hospitals in the city(AaBET and ALERT hospitals) from January 01, 2017 to December 31, 2018 were included. An adopted and modified semi-structured pre-tested data extraction tool was used to gather data. Purposive sampling was used to select the two trauma centers and data was collected using simple random sampling technique. Data was cleaned manually, coded
and entered into EPIādata manager version 4.4 and exported to a SPSS version 21.0 for analysis. Binary and multiple logistic regressions were computed to evaluate association between dependent and independent variables. Level of significance was determined using 95% confidence interval and p-value less than 0.05.Result: - results of this study showed 36% unfavorable and 64% favorable outcomes. Age, time of arrival, severity of injury,papillary reactivity oxygen saturation was predictors of outcomes of traumatic brain injury.Those patients with traumatic brain injury aged between 18 and 24 were less likely to have unfavorable outcome AOR= 0.067[0.007, 0.622], Those patients with traumatic brain injury who arrived to the hospitals between 4 and 24 hours and greater than 24 hours were
more likely to have unfavorable outcome AOR=2.857[1.150,7.099], and
AOR=7.623[2.594,8.915] respectively. Those patients with a severe AOR=5.224[2.562,8.915] and moderate AOR 2.851[1.298, 6.262] type of traumatic brain injury, patients who were reported to have anisorcia papillary reflex AOR=3.941[1.766, 5.793] and hypoxia AOR 3.490[1.845, 6.603] were more likely to have unfavorable outcome.
Conclusion: -
This study showed that 36% of traumatic injury patients have unfavorable outcome. Age,time of arrival, oxygen saturation, severity of injury and pupillary reactivity are associated with patient outcomes of traumatic brain injury. Improved time of arrival, and close monitoring of oxygen levels is recommended to substantiate patient outcomes.
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Keywords
Traumatic brain injury, Outcomes, Predictors, Addis Ababa, Hospitals