SERO EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF BOVINE BRUCELLOSIS IN SELECTED DAIRY FARMS OF BISHOFTU AND HOLETA TOWNS, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
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Date
2017-06
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Abstract
A cross-sectional seroepidemiological study of bovine brucellosis was conducted in selected dairy farms of Bishoftu and Holeta towns, central Ethiopia, from December, 2016 to May, 2017 with the aim to estimate sero-prevalence of Brucella infection, to identify the potential risk factors in cattle and to assess the knowledge of the farm owners toward the disease. A total of 326 dairy cattle from 30 herds were included in the study (175 animals from Bishoftu and 151 animals from Holeta).The dairy herds were stratified into small herd size (<10 animals), medium herd size (10-50) and large herd size (≥ 50). Stratified two stage sampling was used to sample both herds and individual animals.The serum samples collected were initially screened using Rose Bengal Plate test and competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Complement fixation test was used to confirm the seropositivity of the samples found positive with the above tests. The animal level prevalence was 0. 92% (95%CI: 0.19, 2.66). At herd level 3 out of 30 herds tested positive making herd level prevalence of 10.0 % (95%CI: 2.11, 26.53). Of the herds that tested seropositive, the within herd seroprevalence ranged from 2.9 % (1 out of 34) to 16.7 % (1 out of 6). Slightly higher seroprevalence was observed in highland agro-ecological area of Holeta (1.98 %; 95% CI: 0.41, 5.69) than the mid-highland area of Bishoftu 0% though the difference observed was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). At animal level only abortion history and retained fetal membranes were found to be significantly associated with the sero-positivity for Brucella infection using univariable analysis (P < 0.05).The odds of positivity is 38.6 (3.3,453.9) times higher in aborted cattle compared to those did not abort. Cows with history of retained fetal membrane had higher risk of infection with Brucella species (OR= 33.2; 2.8,387.1) than cows without history of retained fetal membrane. Up on multivariable logistic regression analysis, only abortion history was significantly associated with sero-positivity to Brucella infection (OR= 37.8; P <0.05). At herd level only reproductive disorders and herd size were found to be significantly associated with Brucella infection (P <0.05). Personnel in commercial dairies had better awareness (knowledge) about zoonotic brucellosis than those working in smallholder farms. Therefore, the need for implementing strong and sustainable control measures and raising public awareness focusing on the smallholder farmers .
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MSc Thesis
Keywords
Awareness, Bovine brucellosis, Central Ethiopia, Dairy cattle, seroepidemiology