Assessment of platelet transfusion outcome and Factors associated with platelet refractoriness among platelet transfused adult patients at Saint Paul HospitalMillennium Medical Collage Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

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Date

2023-07

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Addis Ababa University

Abstract

Background: Platelet refractoriness is a clinical condition in which a patient's platelets count does not increase as expected following platelet transfusion and associated with both immune and non-immune mechanisms. It is a significant clinical outcome in platelet transfusion. Objective: To assess Platelet transfusion outcome and factors associated with platelet refractoriness among platelet transfused adult patients at Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study was carried out at Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College from November 01/2022 to June 30/2023. Convenience sampling techniques and structured questionnaires used to collect patient demographic and clinically relevant data. Blood sample was collected in Ethylediaminetetracid acid tube and run on Beckman coulter heamatolgy analyzer. Platelet refractoriness was identified using corrected count increment 1 hour, 18 to 24 hrs of transfusion and also descriptive statistics was used to present patient characteristics and clinical data. Paired t-test was used to compare platelet count, after and before platelet transfused to the patient and also factors associated to platelet refractoriness were analyzed by Multivariate logistic regression. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Of the total 216 patients, 28% had platelet refractoriness. we identified that platelet refractory patients associated with 1hr post platelet refractoriness , had previous history of transfusion(AOR:95%Cl,3.61,38, p=0.001), were carried on chemotherapy(p=0.001) prolonged hospital stay (one month and above) p=0.025, fever (P=0.001),Splenomegaly (AOR:95% Cl,17.92 (5.44,59.03), p=0.025) and similarly, post platelet increment 18-24hrs were associated with ABO non identical platelet(AOR:95% Cl 1.49,119.91, p=0.022).On the other hand platelet storage were lower significant with platelet refractory patients. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that statistical different independent variables associated with platelet transfusion refractoriness among platelet transfused adult patients. Factors found to be correlated with platelet refractoriness were previous history of transfusion, Chemotherapy, prolonged hospital stay for longer time, fever, splenomegaly and ABO non identical platelet.

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Keywords

Refractoriness, Platelet transfusion, Platelet

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