Level of Aflatoxin in Dairy Feed, Poultry Feeds and Feed Ingredients Produced by Feed Factories in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2019-10-19
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Aflatoxins are one of the major factors that affect the quality and safety of feeds that are transferred into livestock species and then to humans via animal sources of food (meat, egg and milk). The objective of this study was to detect and quantify the level of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2 and total aflatoxin) in dairy feed, poultry (layer and broiler) feed and feed ingredients produced in feed factories in Addis Ababa also to evaluate knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP) of feed producers and farmers in regard to feed quality and safety. A total of 42 samples consisting of five dairy feeds, six poultry broiler feeds, six layer feeds and 25 feed ingredients were collected from seven dairy and poultry feed factories found in Addis Ababa and its surroundings. Samples were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography after cleaned up with Immunoaffinity columns. The evaluation of KAP was done using a structured questionnaire. In the feed samples analyzed, the aflatoxin B1 levels obtained ranged from (51.66 to 370.51) μg/kg in dairy cattle feed; from (1.45 to 139.51) μg/kg in poultry layer feed; and from (16.49 to 148.86) μg/kg in broiler feed. In feed ingredients on the other hand, aflatoxin B1 levels ranged from (2.64 to 46.74) μg/kg in maize grain; from Not Detected (ND) to 3.66 μg/kg in wheat bran; from ND to 12.77μg/kg in wheat middling; from ND to 3.43μg/kg in soybean; and from (110.93 to 438.86) μg/kg in niger seed cake. 100% of dairy feeds, 67% of poultry layer, 67% broiler feeds and 24% of ingredients contained aflatoxin in levels higher than the maximum tolerable limit set by the US Food and Drug Administration and Ethiopian Standard Agency. The result of KAP assessment revealed that only 63% of feed producers and farmers had awareness about the formation of aflatoxins in feeds. In conclusion, dairy feed from feed types and niger seed cake from feed ingredients were the most heavily contaminated with aflatoxins that need better feed management by the producers and strong regulation by the government. There should be regular monitoring of aflatoxin in animal feeds by the feed manufactures to prevent aflatoxin buildup in dairy feeds, poultry feeds, and feed ingredients to ensure the health of animals and safety of animal source of foods like milk, egg and meat.
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Aflatoxin, Feeds, Dairy, Poultry Layer, Poultry Broiler, Ingredients