Prevalence of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in HIV Infected Anemic Adults, a Cross Sectional study at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital from June 5, 2015 to September 10, 2015, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2016-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background:- Hematologic manifestations in HIV/AIDS positive patients are many. A high
prevalence of anemia and significantly reduced white blood cell and neutrophil counts were
observed in HIV-infected individuals. Presence of auto antibody also contributes for the
development of anemia in HIV positive individuals. Few studies are conducted to show the
prevalence of anemia in HIV positive individuals, but there is no documented data that rule out
the prevalence of AIHA in HIV positive individuals in Ethiopia.
Objective:- To determine the prevalence of autoimmune haemolytic anemia in HIV-infected
adult patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods:- Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted on 384 HIV positive individuals
using convenient sampling method at Tikur Anbessa Hospital from June 5, 2015 to September
10, 2015. Participants’ soco-demographic data, CD4 result and some important information was
extracted from participants’ records; from patient card and request paper using Microsoft excel.
And 5 ml of venous blood was collected for determination of HGB, RBC count, RBC indices,
reticulocyte count and other CBC results. After all, DAT was performed and blood film
examination was done to confirm hemolysis. Finally data was imported and analyzed using SPSS
version 16 statistical soft ware package, and Descriptive statistic and Chi-square tests were used.
Result:- Of 384 study participants, 9 (2.34 %) patients are found to be AIHA positive. Of these,
6 (66.7 %) were females and 3 (33.3 %) were males. Nineteen patients had positive DAT result;
10 (52.6 %) had mild anemia, 4 (21 %) moderate and 5 (26.3 %) severe anemia respectively. 37
(9.6 %) patients showed reticulocytopinea, while 31(8.1 %) patients had shown reticulocytosis.
From 26 patients who showed evidence for the presence of hemolysis in their blood film, two
individuals showed +2 graded hemolysis whereas 24 patients showed +1 graded hemolysis.
Conclusion:- Prevalence of AIHA in HIV patients is not common. AIHA can be an etiological
cause of anemia most of the time in patients with severe-moderate ranged anemia and in patients
with low CD4 count.
Autoimmune
haemolytic
anemia,
reticulocytosis.
direct
anti-globulin
test,
hemoglobin,
Description
Keywords
Autoimmune haemolytic anemia, Direct anti-globulin test, Hemoglobin