STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE OF BOVINE CYSTICERCOSIS IN AWASSA MUNICIPAL ABATTOIR AND TAENIA SAGINATA IN AWASSA TOWN AND ITS SURROUNDINGS, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
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2006-06
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Abstract
The study was made from October 2005 to April 2006 at the Southern Nation, Nationalities and Peoples Region, Awassa town and its surroundings. It was carried out with the overall objective of providing base line data on the prevalence of C. bovis/T. saginata. A total of 400 carcasses of randomly selected bovine animals were used for the active abattoir survey. The study comprised of an active abattoir survey data collection at Awassa municipal abattoir, questionnaire survey on volunteer respondents and an inventory of pharmaceutical drug stores and shops in Awassa town. Of the 400 carcasses examined during the study period, 105 (26.25%) were infected with C. bovis. The distribution of organs/tissues infected with C. bovis were, heart (11.25%), diaphragm (1.75%), masseter (8.5%), kidney (0.25%), lung (0.5%), shoulder (9%), tongue (3.25%), and liver (0.75%). Analysis of active abattoir survey revealed that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05, OR = 3.34) between breeds, but there were no significant differences observed in the infection rates between sex (P > 0.05, 2 = 0.02) and origin (P > 0.05, OR = 0.87) of the animals. The viability test on all isolated bladder worms showed that 44.2% were viable. The tongue, heart, shoulder and masseter muscles had the highest number of viable (11.25%), (9%), (8.5%) cysts respectively. Based on the questionnaire survey, T. saginata taeniosis is a wide spread problem in Awassa town and its surroundings. 64.2 % of the respondents had contracted taeniosis due to T. saginata. The potential risk factors of taeniosis namely, age, sex, religion, occupation, educational levels, raw meet consumption, use of spices during meat consumption and marital status were considered. The prevalence of taeniosis was slightly significant by the age of the respondents (P<0.05 and 2=6.23). There was no association between the prevalence of taeniosis and sex (P> 0.05 and 2 = 0.44). Among Muslim and Christian communities, it was found that there was a statistical significant difference in the prevalence of taeniosis (P<0.05 and OR = 5.34), higher in the Christian communities. Statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between occupation between low and high-risk groups (P<0.001 and 2 = 15.79). Educational backgrounds had no significant association with the prevalence of taeniosis (P>0.05 and OR = 0.71). The prevalence of taeniosis was highly significant (P<0.001 and OR = 8.47) in the raw meat eaters as compared to those consuming cooked meat. The use of spices
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during meat consumption was analyzed and found to be significant in those who had the habit of using spices with meat (P<0.001 and OR =12.03). Marital status had also significant effect on the prevalence of taeniosis among the respondents (P<0.05 and 2 = 7.00), higher in married ones. In addition; multivariate analysis (logistic regression) showed that raw meat consumption, occupation and use of spices with meat were important risk factors for taeniosis. Statistical analysis showed that preferences of the available taenicidal drugs among the respondents were Niclosamide (62.5%), Mebendazole (56.67%), Albendazole (53.33%) and Praziquantel (48.33%). The annual taenicidal drug treatment cost in the study area from 2002-2005 by prescription and complaints of patients was estimated to be 7, 219,019.95 Eth. Birr. The drug inventory clearly demonstrated the economic significance of T. saginata taeniosis in the study area. According to the respondents, the use of traditional herbal taenicidal drugs was not commonly practiced. But it is well understood that a considerable proportion of residents mainly use herbal drugs due to its highly purgative effect and cheaper price. Hence, this disease deserves serious attention by the various stakeholders in order to safeguard the health of the residents of Awassa town, consumer and further promote beef industry in the study area in particular and the country in general. The distribution of T. saginata cysts in carcasses, the potential risk factors for taeniosis and the economic impact of this parasite are also discussed.
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Prevalence, C. bovis, T. saginata, risk factors