Study on knowledge, attitudes and behavioral practices of animal and human antimicrobial usage and antimicrobial resistance amongst people in Bishoftu town, Ethiopia
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Date
2017-06
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Abstract
This study was conducted to assess public level of knowledge, attitudes and behavioral practice regarding antimicrobial use and resistance among publics and to assess factors influencing for self-medication. A cross sectional pre-tested structured questionnaires survey was conducted with 384 prospective participants by researchers using simple random sampling in four Kebele administrates in Bishoftu. Descriptive statistics, Chi square tests and multinomial logistic regression were used to correlate the associations of knowledge, attitude, and practice with socio-demographic characteristics. Of 384 subjects, 157/40.9% were female, 144/37.5% married,64.5% below secondary school,37.5% government employer, 57.35% animals owners, 53.4% had used some medication in the past 3 months and the mean age was 34(SDĀ±12.5) years. Of the respondents, 35.4% believed that Antimicrobials are effective against viruses, 30.2% thought that Antimicrobials are effective against common cold and flu, 26% did not recognize the use of antimicrobial for bacterial infection and 62% and 29.7% knew that overuse or unnecessary use and using for animals of antimicrobial can cause them to lose their effectiveness. The attitude of respondent indicates more than 45% not complete the course of Antimicrobial, 22.9% prefer to by AM without prescription, while 34.4% literally miss some doses carelessly and 23.7% commonly used AM as food. Most respondents also has negative attitude towards self-medication. 20.3% of subjects search AM from relative/friends, 34.6%keeps unused AM for future use and 34.4% prefer to use AM for minor ailment. Approximately 14.8% were never consult the physician before start taking AM and 61.7% always check the expiry date of AM before using it. There are significant positive associations between knowledge and attitude towards antimicrobial usage resistance with (OR=27.7, p=0.000). These result indicated that respondents with higher knowledge were more likely to have positive attitude than others. Knowledge level are negatively associated with practice with (OR= 0.742, p= 0.605). On the other hand there are positive correlation between practice and attitude regarding antimicrobial use. According to this study respondents who have positive attitude (OR=14.2) were more likely develop good practical behavior (p < 0.000). According to result obtained from Multivariate analysis persons with low educational status (no formal education, p= 0.035; and primary school, p= 0.013) and non-govern mental employer (NGO), p= 0.000 were independently associated with inadequate knowledge. Persons with low educational status (no formal education, p= 0.000; primary school p=0.000 and secondary school, p=0.000) and inadequate knowledge were independently associated with poor attitude. As we found, a higher educational level has been associated with better knowledge and attitude adequate knowledge of appropriate Antimicrobial use was also a predictor for a good attitude. On the whole, respondents who had inadequate knowledge scores were more likely to have a poor attitude toward antimicrobial use and resistance. More respondents with inadequate antimicrobial knowledge than those with adequate knowledge abuse antimicrobial and contributing for the development of AMR. An inappropriate belief on Antimicrobial related aspects was observed and inappropriate behavior was noticed, which are reflections of insufficient knowledge and wrong beliefs. Interventions must be put in place to educate the public on appropriate Antimicrobial use. Further research is needed to advance understanding of factors associated with KAP regarding antimicrobials use, and to inform strategies to improve the appropriateness of their use.
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MSc Thesis
Keywords
knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, Antimicrobial use, Education