Prevalence and Predictors of Diabetic Kidney Disease among Diabetes Patients in Diabetic Clinic of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study
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Date
2021-12
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is the leading cause of CKD and ESRD in the worldwide. Diabetic kidney
disease, one of which is Diabetic Nephropathy, is one of the common and significant
complications in Diabetes Patients next only to cardiovascular complications. Many factors are
thought to be associated with the development of DKD including older age, longer duration of
DM, Poor Glycemic Control, Obesity. Dyslipidemia and HTN among others.
Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and predictors of Diabetic
Kidney Disease in patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 308 randomly selected Diabetic patients on
follow up at Diabetic Clinic at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from July to November 2021.
Structured questionnaire was employed to collect data on the sociodemographic, clinical and
laboratory data of the study subjects. Trained physician data clerks collected data from the
chart, interview and electronic medical records. Data was entered into EpiInfo 3.1 and was
exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was done for all the cases. Ethical
clearance was sought from the Institutional Review Board of the department of Internal
Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University.
Results: One hundred nighty seven (64%) of the study participants are female. The mean age is
51.6 (95% CI= 41.0-62.0) years. Most (91.6%) of the study participants are from Addis and most
of the patients have Type 2 DM (80.8%) and the remaining have Type 1 DM. Most of the
patients have duration of Diabetes greater than 05 years (78.8%) and only 16 patients (5.1%)
have duration of diabetes less than 01 year. Most (55%) of the study participants have a BMI in
the overweight or obese category with mean BMI of 25.9 (95% CI, 22.7-28.9). Most of the
patients have hypertension (57.5%) as a comorbidity. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in the
study population is 77.6%. Our study found the prevalence of DKD in DM patients following at
Diabetes Clinic of TASH to be 23.05%. Hypertension is the only significantly associated risk
factor in this study.
Conclusion: The results of our study show a high prevalence of DKD in Diabetes patients in
Diabetes clinic of TASH. Our study also confirmed the high prevalence of other CVS risk factors
including Hypertension, Overweight/Obesity and Dyslipidemia. Hypertension is associated with
significantly higher risk of developing DKD in patients with DM.
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Keywords
Diabetic kidney Disease, Chronic Kidney Disease, Cardiovascular risk factors.